Johnnie Johnson joined the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve in 1939 as a week-end flier, and finished the war as the top-scoring Allied fighter pilot with 38 confirmed victories. WING LEADER is his account of the Battle of Britain, of the bitter fighting over Dieppe, and of the final battle across the skies of France and over the Rhine when, as a group captain, he commanded a British wing of the latest and most powerful Spitfires. "WING LEADER is a magnificent story of fighter pilots--so graphic in its description of aerial combat, so sympathetic in its portraits of fighting men that it will rank with the finest books which have come out of the war." (B-O-T Editorial Review Board)
Air Vice Marshal James Edgar Johnson, CB, CBE, DSO & Two Bars, DFC & Bar, nicknamed "Johnnie", was a Royal Air Force (RAF) pilot and flying ace—defined as a pilot that has shot down five or more enemy aircraft in aerial combat—who flew and fought during the Second World War.
Johnson grew up and was educated in the East Midlands, where he qualified as an engineer. He served as an Assistant Engineer at Ilkeston and latterly to the Chigwell Urban District Council at Loughton. A sportsman, Johnson broke his collarbone while playing rugby, an injury that later complicated his ambitions of becoming a fighter pilot. Johnson had been interested in aviation since his youth and applied to join the RAF. He was initially rejected, first on social, and then on medical grounds; he was eventually accepted in August 1939. The injury problems, however, returned during his early training and flying career, resulting in him missing the Battle of France and the Battle of Britain between May and October 1940.
In 1940 Johnson had an operation to reset his collarbone, and began flying regularly. He took part in the offensive sweeps over German-occupied Europe from 1941 to 1944, almost without rest. Johnson was involved in heavy aerial fighting during this period. His combat tour included participation in the Dieppe Raid, Combined Bomber Offensive, Battle of Normandy, Operation Market Garden,the Battle of the Bulge and the Western Allied invasion of Germany. Johnson progressed to the rank of group captain by the end of the war.
Johnson was credited with 34 individual victories over enemy aircraft, as well as seven shared victories, three shared probable, 10 damaged, three shared damaged and one destroyed on the ground.[7][8] Johnson flew 700 operational sorties and engaged enemy aircraft on 57 occasions.[9] Included in his list of individual victories were 14 Messerschmitt Bf 109s and 20 Focke-Wulf Fw 190s destroyed making him the most successful RAF ace against the Fw 190. This score made him the highest scoring Western Allied fighter ace against the German Luftwaffe.
Johnson continued his career in the RAF after the war, and served in the Korean War before retiring in 1966 with the rank of air vice marshal. He maintained an interest in aviation and did public speaking on the subject as well as entering into the business of aviation art. Johnnie Johnson remained active until his death from cancer in 2001.
Wing Leader is the biography of RAF Spitfire pilot JE Johnson, known as Johnnie Johnson during World War II. Johnson has a way of writing that often takes you on his journey. Remarkably, when he describes flight after flight and explains events that are occurring around him in flight during flying maneuvers with his 'wing' or individual dogfights, it doesn't feel to the reader like constant repetition, although of course it is the same sequence of events almost every time.
Johnson's diaries must have been extensive because he describes the many pilots around him, the many flights and enemy engagements in great detail, often dropping out of the story of one polit to pick it up again later when he returns to the scene. He had kind words to all of those lost, their bravery and sacrifice, and manages to surprise when some of the pilots find their way back overland when considered lost.
He describes the evolution of the Spitfire, as the planes are constantly improved throughout he war, as are the enemy planes, and as the technology improves one side gains the upper hand and certain maneuvers and so tactics have to change accordingly.
While luck plays a large part in the successful career of a fighter pilot, and how well your colleagues protect you is a big factor, we know too few of these pilots survived the entire war, and Johnson has a plethora of post-nominals (CB, CBE, DSO & Two Bars, DFC & Bar, DL) indicating his efforts, dedication and luck.
Having read the diaries of a New Zealand Spitfire pilot in Spitfires & Spots translated from the handwritten remnants and edited by Jeff West's grandson Jameson Alex West it was nice to be reminded of that book, and for 15 or so pages the two flew together before West was deployed to Malta. Johnson's flying was over the Channel and into German occupied Europe (France, Belgium and later Germany. Throughout most of his time he was flying with Canadians as part of
Wikipedia did a better job of collecting statistics that I would, so I will quote it here: Johnson was credited with 34 individual victories over enemy aircraft, as well as seven shared victories, three shared probable, ten damaged, three shared damaged and one destroyed on the ground. Johnson flew 700 operational sorties and engaged enemy aircraft on 57 occasions. Included in his list of individual victories were 14 Messerschmitt Bf 109s and 20 Focke-Wulf Fw 190s destroyed making him the most successful RAF ace against the Fw 190. This score made him the highest scoring Western Allied fighter ace against the German Luftwaffe.
There are a number of black & white photos throughout the book, and a thorough index. Douglas Bader wrote a brief foreword, which he opens with the sentence: 'Dear Johnnie, I did not know that you could read and write!..."
Here is J.E. Johnson's own story of his experiences flying Spitfires with Royal Air Force (RAF) Fighter Command against the Luftwaffe between 1940 and 1945. The reader will feel totally immersed in this story, right inside the cockpit with Johnson as he leads fighter sweeps over Occupied Europe, uncertain as to whether he would live to fight another day upon tangling with the enemy.
When James Edgar “Johnnie” Johnson climbed into the cockpit of his Spitfire in September 1940 for his first combat patrol, the Royal Air Force was battling the Luftwaffe over the skies of Great Britain. Over the next four and a half years, Johnson scored 34 kills over enemy aircraft as he battled his way eastward, progressing from confronting German bombers during the Blitz to fighter sweeps over occupied France to providing air cover for the Normandy invasion and the Allied offensive through France. By the final days of the war, Johnson was flying out of an air base in Germany itself, and watched from the skies as Soviet forces assaulted Berlin.
Johnson was hardly alone in writing a memoir of his experiences after the war, and his is among the most famous among those written by the fighter pilots. And after reading it, it’s easy to see why it is, as he recounts aerial combat in an unadorned style that conveys the fighting clearly yet dramatically. This only makes up a portion of his book, however, as he also recounts what life was like for an officer serving in the RAF during the war. This is as worthwhile reading as Johnson’s accounts of combat, as he describes the camaraderie among the pilots, the relationships between commanders and their subordinates, and the ways in which pilots lived their lives with the knowledge that every flight, every engagement with the enemy, brought with it the prospect of death.
Little of the strain this must have caused is evident in the pages of Johnson’s account, but the glimpses that poke through his studied nonchalance convey it in its own way just as effectively as if the author had addressed it directly. It provides the reader with a sense of how Johnson must have presented himself to the men under his command: cool under fire and considerate of their concerns, yet determined to ensure that they worked together in order to improve their chances in the air. The subtle drama of all of this left me wondering why Johnson’s memoir isn’t among those who have been adapted into a movie or a television miniseries. With its mix of combat accounts, anecdotes of squadron life, and cameos by some of the most illustrious personalities of the war, it seems ideally suited for such an effort.
J.E. Johnson was exclusively an RAF Spitfire pilot who started action in late 1940 after the Battle Of Britain. He rose to become wing commander and survived the war in apparently fine form. He had numerous victories and participated in Dieppe, D-Day, Market Garden, the Battle of the Bulge, Operation Varsity and finally the last days of the war in northern Germany.
Easily well over 200 missions, often multiple per day. He shot down over 30 Luftwaffe planes, Me 109s and FW-190s. He was never shot down although his plane was hit more than once.
In 1940 and 41, he was Douglas Bader's wingman and learned his trade from that master of aerial combat (as well as how to lead a unit).
So, what makes this book different than the others and why would one read it?
Because Johnson became a squadron and then wing commander, he was forced to think about tactics beyond a four plane flight. Hence, the reader gets an insight into larger scale tactics on how to best engage the enemy. Just throwing up multi-wing formations to tangle with the large Luftwaffe formations over NW France was not the answer and the reader learns why.
Johnson is also candid about the relative strengths and weaknesses of each Spitfire Mark versus the state of the opponent's fighters and how advantage see-sawed over the months and years.
Unlike Wellum's book, where a lot of time was spent on his experiences learning to fly and becoming a trained fighter pilot, Johnson dispenses with this in a single chapter or two. And while Johnson rues the losses of friends, this somehow doesn't seem to affect him as he gets on with the job which was (mostly) to shoot down German fighters.
There are many chapters detailing specific (to Johnson) memorable actions including one on how the squadron would look after their mates when they baled out into the Channel, waiting for the Walrus air-sea rescue plane to arrive.
One thing about the Spitfire was that it had a short range so escort missions of tactical bombing by Bostons and the like were limited in duration. Same with fighter sweeps to entice the Luftwaffe to fight a battle of attrition. This may have helped Johnson's chances at longevity. The heavy cloud cover over NW Europe and Britain also hindered operational tempo and helped squadrons rest. And, as the war wore on, the quality of German pilots declined compared to 1940-42.
The D-Day chapter was good as we don't often read about this from the RAF Spitfire perspective. After Normandy, his unit forward deployed to advance bases in order to keep up with the advancing ground troops. There are some amusing anecdotes over forward base life and antics.
There was another interesting chapter on the surprise German air raid of January 1, 1945 that caught the Allied air forces on the ground, destroying hundreds of aircraft. Johnson was there to witness it - a story not often told (it shows up in Closterman's book too). The end of the war is dealt with with several personal anecdotes, including a realization that certain risks were no longer worth taking.
Along the way, Johnson describes his fellow pilots and he has an especial respect for the RCAF pilots that he commanded. Many personalities and often vividly portrayed. You also get first hand accounts of meetings with senior RAF leaders over tactics and deployments - Johnson was no shrinking wallflower.
Who should read this?
- Fans of the Spitfire - SWW afficionados who like personal, well-written accounts of the air war in Europe - Folks curious about what it was like to be an RAF fighter pilot who flew so many missions yet survived the war.
It is not a seat-of-your-trousers thriller but because his war career lasted (including training) five (5) years and his perspective changes as he rises in rank and responsibility. A SWW history buff will find plenty to enjoy here. But, if you want a book that goes into the inner thoughts and fears of a Spitfire pilot, read the Wellums book.
As I write this review, "Masters of the Air" has just debuted on Apple TV+ (B-17 crews starting in summer 1943) so reading this book is "Masters-of the Air adjacent" as they would say in 2024.
Many photos, no maps. (You may want to consult a map of RAF airbases like Tangmere)
Johnson was just a humble volunteer in the Auxilliaries after the war started - nothing special. He worked his way through the ranks by demonstrating - above his courage and determination - great leadership. He recognised early on that aerial warfare had moved on from the days of the lone wolf, and that it was about team-work. Although he was the highest-scoring RAF pilot of WWII he never made a big thing of it, emphasising that it really was a team effort, and that much is evident from all of his accounts of combat. What makes this account doubly interesting is that he talks about tactics, the change in tempo and objectives at various points in the war (including ground attack), as well as giving the views of a very senior operational officer. He even explains why British ground-attack aircraft were not used in operational support during operation Market Garden (Arnhem). This is a must-read for anyone wanting to know the real story of WWII aerial combat.
I must have read this account of the fighter war above the UK and NW Europe a dozen times (and then some!) over the years and it remains a firm favourite. Written in the style you may imagine of a fighter ace born in time to participate in the battles from the end of the Battle of Britain onwards, I can't recommend it enough. The only criticism I have of the Kindle edition is that in a couple of places a few paragraphs seem to be repeated and/or run into each other so if you can access a printed edition then it's probably best you do so.
Compelling account of one pilot's heroic contributions during World War II. The book delves into the thrilling life of Group Captain Johnny Johnson, the Royal Air Force's highest-scoring fighter ace. While the narrative offers a gripping portrayal of his exploits and the intense aerial battles, it falls short in providing a deeper exploration of Johnson's personal experiences and emotions. The storytelling is informative and engaging, but lacks the emotional depth that could have elevated it further. Overall, a decent read for history enthusiasts, but lacking in emotional resonance.
The story of a World War 2 fighter ace. Johnny Johnson . Unpretentious and factual. J was a methodical and obviously talented pilot and organizer. In those days hunting was acceptable and he obviously loved shooting down birds as well as aircraft . Yet as long as you weren’t the enemy or a partridge he comes across as a humane man.
A very thorough story of a young pilots progress from trainee why pilot to group captain leading powerful formations against the Luftwaffe in a most aggressive manner. Quite detailed and self effacing, Johnnie Johnson tells his story well. I recommend this to anyone interested in ww2 air combat. Excellent.
An absolute pleasure to read so much so I was devastated when I finished. Featuring the beloved Spitfire Johnnie Johnson narrates an enthralling account of life as a pilot in the intense days of world war two. Riveting read that I highly recommend
A memorable, insightful, moving recounting of an extraordinary group of people in an extraordinary time.
Johnson was one of the best - and this tale just shows how much skill and luck are involved in modern warfare. An important book now, as it was when it was published.
The author joins the Royal Air Force Reserve in 1939 , flies in the Battle of Britian and continues up until VE Day in May 1945. When the war ended he was the top scoring Allied fighter pilot with 38 confirmed victories.
Well written by the top scoring RAF fighter pilot of WW2. Takes you from just after the Battle of Britain to the wars end. Highly recommended, not just for those with an interest in WW2, but anyone who likes to read of the greatest generation.
A excellent book well written and and well enjoyed throughout.Kept you entertained all through the book made you feel you was on a tour off a the many stations.
Recommended. Gripped from start to finish. Insights into all aspects of these heroes sacrifices and skills, on both sides, of a terrible episode in modern history.
Johnnie Johnson had an amazing career as a fighter pilot and leader from the Battle of Britain through to final victory against Nazi Germany in May 1945. Well written and truly gripping.
The pressure that these pilots were under,survivability odds shows why we were able to win this war. Any one with an interest in aeroplanes should read this book.
An easy read about the flying and fighting experience of the top-scoring RAF fighter ace of WWII. Interesting first person account of the significant efforts of RAF pilots.
I very much enjoyed this book but I was often puzzled about the military jargon and RAF ranks. I had to do my own research but at least I learned something.