I happened to be reading A Room with a View concurrently with this book and this passage from it could just as easily apply to the situation of the upperclass 19th century American southern woman:
It was not that ladies were inferior to men; it was that they were different. Their mission was to inspire others to achievement rather than to achieve themselves. Indirectly, by means of tact and a spotless name, a lady could accomplish much. But if she rushed into the fray herself she would be first censured, then despised, and finally ignored. Poems had been written to illustrate this point.
The Civil War helped push southern women "into the fray." Wives ran farms, plantations, and businesses while their husbands were away fighting. After the war was over, so many men had died that widows had to learn to do things on their own. Suffrage was a natural ambition for women who discovered new capabilities in themselves, at the same time that educational opportunities were opening up for females and finding employment was often a financial necessity.