Dear Master: Letters of a Slave Family

by Randall M. Miller (editor)

"Dear Master" is a rare firsthand look at the values, self-perception, and private life of the black American slave. The fullest known record left by an American slave family, this collection of more than two hundred letters―including seven discovered since the book's original appearance―reveals the relationship of two generations of the Skipwith family with the Virginia planter John Hartwell Cocke.

The letters, dating from 1834 to 1865, fall into two groups. The first were written by Peyton Skipwith and his children from Liberia, where they settled after being freed in 1833 by Cocke, a devout Christian and enlightened slaveholder. The letters, which tell of harsh frontier life, reveal the American values the Skipwiths took with them to Africa, and express their faith in Liberia's future and pride in their accomplishments.

The second group of letters, written by George Skipwith and his daughter Lucy, originate from Cocke's Alabama plantation, an experimental work community to which Cocke sent his most talented, responsible slaves to prepare them for the moral and educational challenges of emancipation. George, a "privileged bondsman," was a slave driver. His letters about the management of the plantation include reports on the slaves' conduct and any disciplinary actions he took. Readers can sense George's pride in his work and also his ambivalence toward his role as leader in the slave hierarchy.

Lucy, Cocke's chief domestic slave, was the plantation nurse and teacher. Her letters, filled with details about spiritual, familial, and health matters, also display her skill at exploiting her master's trust and her uncommon boldness, for she spoke against whites to her master when she felt they hampered his slaves' education.

"Dear Master" affirms that these slaves and former slaves were not simply victims; they were actors in a complex human drama. The letters imply trust and affection between master and slave, but there were other motives as well for the letter-writing. The Liberian Skipwiths needed American-made supplies; moreover, the whole family may have viewed their relationship with Cocke as a chance to help free other slaves. In his new preface, Miller reevaluates his book in light of changes in the historiography of American slavery over the past decade.

Genres: Nonfiction

304 pages, Paperback

First published September 1, 1978

About the author

Randall Miller is a professor of history at Saint Joseph's University (Philadelphia, PA).

Reviews

[Kathi Olsen · Rating 3 out of 5]

An interesting treatise on relationships between a particular plantation owner and his slaves. He provided a school and communicated frequently by mail between his several plantations with t he slaves that had higher level responsibilities. He also sent some of his slaves to the Liberia colonies and kept up communication with them. None of the white writers letters survive but the family seems to have kept most of the letters from their slaves. Some of the letters are kind of redundant, and some of the footnotes are actually more interesting than the letters they are referred from. There are references to other studies on slave letters if someone wanted to study the subject more.

[Lisa · Rating 3 out of 5]

In light of the recent news frenzy about the ebola virus, this detailed portrait of the early days of ex-slave colonization of Monrovia, Liberia is fascinating. The back story of American values, manifested by those so damaged by them, against the indigenous culture is shocking and complex. An absorbing read.