"It was still dark in the cells, but bits of light were beginning to break in through the tiny windows stealthily, without a sound, the way the inmates dreamed of breaking out of prison."
In a bare-bones novel, the quote above is not only one of the few elegant descriptions, it also encapsulates the themes explored in a southern U. S. prison in the 1960's. As the Civil Rights movement grows, promising big changes, a white, reform-minded prison warden, Scott, makes small improvements in his prison--even befriending a black, life-long resident, Joe. Like a sit-in or protest march, the arrival of new inmates disrupts the flow, catalyzes changes.
Friendship is stitched together by the threads of honesty, empathy, respect, and, most importantly, equality. The old saw is that power corrupts, but power also divides; power imbalances in a relationship prevent the formation of true friendships--as between the warden Scott and the prisoner Joe. When a new person is brought in as prisoner, his power is less than Joe's, but their predicament is so close--in their over-all relationship to real power--that they are able to start forging true bonds. Relationships across power divides are usually tested.
A monopoly on violence is the traditional start when one begins to define the State, which then requires systems to maintain this monopoly, which then translate into power and authority (systems are also employed in reinforcing the narratives that justify their existence). Those not recognizing the State's exclusive right to violence--whether through violence of their own or peaceful protest--are punished.
As the initial establishment of power washes across the landscape of time, it is transformed into "the way things are." The pattern replicates throughout: men over women, wealthy over poor, white over black (in the U. S.), this religion over that one, and so on. Power imbalances are now systematized: hence racism, sexism, and the like.
Have I forgotten that I was reviewing a novel and not writing an anarchist polemic? No, for these systems are at the center of the novel, dominating human lives and relationships, as they do in the real world (however much we are ignorant of them or pretend they don't exist). So many of us desire to do good; to follow what we believe are moral rights with regards to how we treat other people. Many want to like others and have that reciprocated regardless of position, ethnicity, or what have you. Why, then, don't we already live in a peaceful, cooperative world? The systems derived to protect power imbalances prevent the world from taking shape, as Joe finds out in the novel when Scott's duty as a warden comes into conflict with resistance form some prisoners. That duty is both mandate and excuse--few are the people who will buck the system's mandates to treat other people like other people.
There's a point in the novel where everything changes and everything is the same: it is a time jump, a geographical transportation, but a familiar situation. I'm reluctant to spring the surprise, but it was a bold authorial move (though such comparisons have been made, of course). This change of time and place reinforces the seeming immutability of systems and how they work their oppression; interfering with positive relationships and building for better conditions. The change also suggests that hope isn't unfounded, if the reader were to think back to the gains of the Civil Rights movement (though one might point out, for all the positive gains, the U. S. still has the highest incarceration rate in the world, disproportionally interring people of color).
Here, then, in this new prison after the novel shifts, the novel drags a bit as a conversation is used as a way to introduce possible positive solutions. The novel veers from showing us how systems disrupt positive relationships, to telling us that education and the children are our future.* This was an unnecessary passage, as Aoun had already shown us that, while power imbalances can prevent friendship and understanding, making the effort is worthwhile--especially amongst those who are on the sharp end of the stick. In other words, the inmates can fight over scraps or cooperate and maybe look outside their cells for what to fight over.
The writing isn't always smooth. Some of the dialogue has an unnaturalness to it, and sense of place through description is underwhelming. That said, I read this as more of a play than a novel, with the characters creating the scene; with the arena of ideas at the forefront there is less need of description.
I didn't turn the last page and set the book down filled with hope for the future, but I enjoyed the journey, appreciated the light shone on how power and systems divide us, and thank Mr. Aoun for sending me his novel to review. 3.5 stars, and, recommended.
*To paraphrase Daniel Quinn: solutions that rely on people just being better aren't going to make things better, we have to change the systems we operate under. This becomes a chicken/egg type of thing: education to change minds so they make a better system--or way of living, my preferred term--or destroy the system so we can learn to make a new kind of way of living.