Historian Juliet Gardiner's The Blitz: The British Under Attack offers a highly focused view of World War II as seen from the shattered streets of Great Britain, particularly London, from the first wave of German bombers on the night of 7 September 1940 through the last major bombing runs in May 1941. The view is--and one struggles for an appropriate adjective--sobering, instructive, horrendous, unimaginable (at least for those readers who have never encountered wholesale destruction at first hand), terrifying, and even almost desensitizing in its repetitive duration.
How can one who has not experienced it imagine the degree of terror, horror and fear engendered by a nightly rain of high explosive bombs and tens of thousands of incendiary devices screaming down from a darkened sky, not for a brief moment but for nine interminable months? Shelter in trenches, basements, subway stations? Not a single shelter proved impermeable and hundreds of civilians were blasted to bloodied shreds of burnt flesh within those very shelters. No place proved a safe haven.
Nor was the incredible destruction limited to London. Bristol, Coventry, Hull, Glasgow and other cities were massively damaged and their citizens killed by deadly devices from the night skies. Ancient buildings that had endured for centuries vanished into piles of smoldering rubble. Horses, men, women and children died instantly or, perhaps worse, were entombed under collapsed buildings.
Fire fighters watched helplessly as water pressure vanished from exploded water mains while their hoses lay useless and as more bombs hurled their engines and colleagues against walls of yet-standing structures. We learn, of course, in any general history textbook that Great Britain was heavily bombed in a long spate of attacks collectively called "the Blitz" before the U.S. entered the war in December 1941, but that knowledge tends to be clean, sanitized fact. Gardiner's book forcefully shows what the Blitz really was and sanitizes nothing. The reality was much more than fact--it was also blood and pain and fear and cowardice and bravery and looting and selfless sacrifice.
As the reader makes his way through the carnage in this history, he realizes how close Great Britain came to falling before the Nazi advance. Hitler's ill-advised (for him) decision to turn his attention to an invasion of Russia eventually brought the British some relief while, a short while later, Emperor Hirohito's war-mongering cabinet ensured America's entry into the war by bombing its naval fleet at Pearl Harbor. Even though the tide of the war eventually turned against the Nazis, the nine months of the Blitz cost Britain over 43,000 civilian dead and another 71,000 seriously injured, and Gardiner's book pictures those months as they appeared to those casualties.
The reader begins to feel a sense of helpless frustration as he progresses through the book. Where are the RAF fighter planes? Why aren't the antiaircraft Ack-Ack guns more effective? What of the barrage balloons? In fact, German bombers were shot down. By no means did all return to Germany or to occupied France. In addition, German civilians in Berlin and other cities were also dying from the explosion of British bombs. However, these facts are not the focus of Gardiner any more than they would have been the focus of the British civilians under the onslaught of the Nazi bombers overhead. Her book is one-sided but intentionally so; we see the war through the eyes of the civilians on the ground in the cities falling into ruin under the roar of high explosives and falling walls.
As an American reader who is not at all familiar with the physical layout of London or of even the relative locations of many large cities in England, Ireland and Scotland, I often wished for maps showing the whereabouts of the sites of which Gardiner writes. Such maps would have made many of the place names more meaningful to a non-Britisher. Other than that lack, I can find no nit to pick with The Blitz, and I recommend it to all who seek a better understanding and fuller comprehension of World War II from the British perspective in the year before America herself became a combatant. The Blitz may not particularly easy to find in the United States. In fact, my copy shipped from London. However, for any reader interested in this sort of focused history, the book is well worth seeking out.