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Arte come mestiere

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La classica opera in cui un grande artista italiano, noto in tutto il mondo per l'estrosità e la leggerezza delle sue creazioni, ha demolito una volta per sempre il mito dell'artista-divo per sostituirlo con la figura del "designer". Attraverso una avvincente analisi di opere e di temi, condotta con disegni e immagini chiare e godibili, Munari fornisce una presentazione estremamente esauriente del design e delle sue diverse specializzazioni: visual design industrial design - graphic design - design di ricerca.

254 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1966

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About the author

Bruno Munari

163 books264 followers
Bruno Munari was an Italian artist and designer, who contributed fundamentals in many fields of visual arts (paint, sculpture, film, industrial design, graphics) and non visual arts (literature, poetry, didactic) with the research on the game subject, infancy and creativity.

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5 stars
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Displaying 1 - 30 of 379 reviews
Profile Image for kartik narayanan.
766 reviews232 followers
March 12, 2020
I started reading this book since I am fascinated by design and this book is considered one of the best on it. But, sadly, I just couldn't get into it. I was bored throughout and had to stop reading midway. The reasons being - most of the concepts which might have been earth shattering 50 years back are now common knowledge and the other being that we have progressed into the realm of computers. The book is not really at fault for not addressing the second point but it just feels so dated.
Profile Image for Vikas.
46 reviews37 followers
May 30, 2020
"Art asks questions,Design practically answers them"
-what I got out of the book


Its really gotten out of hand lately and its vague as it is! but to answer most of the questions In a short informative thingie I always do here at Goodreads! I will say its the bridge between science and everyday life and thats my own philosophy what design is, you may have your own Idea about it! but its more related to having a practical solution rather than have a stylized approach in mind like most of the designers do now!! As a working professional(interaction&industrial design) I would like to give an example: Bruno Munari asked an old Designer namely the chief engineer who designed a scooter- why did he choose the particular color he used for the scooter? His simple answer was 'it was the most suitable and it was the cheapest' and I know its much more complicated than that! but you get what the general approach looks like and what it should be-"effectiveness over stylized accessories", I will leave your thoughts at that! And if you wanna have a chat what it is to you or you disagree! feel free to drop a message
-So long guys!soooooloooonngg
Profile Image for sevdah.
398 reviews73 followers
December 19, 2016
This has been my Italian year reading wise. After Elena Ferrante, Umberto Eco, Roberto Calasso, Felice Benuzzi, I'm adding Bruno Munari to my list of the best experiences of 2016. For me, Design as Art might be the definitive book on design, because it's precise, smart, and humorous, and because I've never before read anyone talk about design with such combination of joy and gentle scolding that at times I needed to close the book and laugh to myself. His idea that children are like cats (sit quietly and wait for them to notice you instead of pulling silly faces which will simply make them think you're silly), his descriptions of peas, rose or orange as design objects ("contains a small seed [...], a small free gift offered by the firm to the client in case the latter wishes to start a production of these objects on his own account"), his mediations on when design needs to step back and when it needs to step up, his maddening account on the various types of chairs or knives ("and is there anyone who doesn't know about the knife for making slits in chestnuts?"), his attempt at a poem made entirely out of graphic symbols... What a great read this one is.
Profile Image for Liam O'Leary.
553 reviews145 followers
November 1, 2020
Video review here
Appealing coffee book material, but conceptually vapid and over-opinionated as an art theory book. Many, many two page essays here explain basic principles that you forgot you already knew. 'The circle represents infinity, the square is home or a house'...

The problem is that he treats readers as his consumers rather than his peers or pupils. This reads like a sales pitch. This is a book convincing the public that 'design is art', but not a book informing future designers what makes design that is art.

As someone learning 3D and 2D visual art and design and who specializes in science illustration there just isn't that much interest here. I'm not sure if this was intended for a Western audience, but some of the cultural issues he has with bamboo just aren't that relevant or generalizable to other aspects of design. None of these essays have principles that can be extracted and applied to other areas, they are basic musings that are as specialized as they are useless to inspiring design. They don't encourage further thought, they question nothing, they simply state observations. The majority of the book is saying 'it is this way *just because* it is'. Being told fast cars are a luxury as if we didn't know this before without critiquing it in any useful way seemed patronizing, pandering and pretentious. Maybe this is the stride of a designer, to simply identify consumer interests and provide a sellable solution, but there's just no self-awareness or detail to this here. It felt like he wanted you to think he knew what design was more than to encourage, inform or instruct readers. He refuses any depth, and so I just drew blanks. All of this said, most of the essays are light and accessible, but not as interesting, brave or complex as say John Berger's or Susan Sontag's essays on art.

It's already too dated to be useful to anyone serious about design. I learned a lot more about art and geometry from a Jungian psychoanalysis essay in Man & His Symbols! I learned so much more passively about vector art design principles from reading the comic books of Chris Ware! These essays were impractical for me, so I'm glad to be done with them.
Profile Image for Uroš Đurković.
903 reviews230 followers
February 14, 2023
Italija ima suficit lepote. Gde god se baci pogled, neka golema lepota štedro laska oku. I sve to u dugom trajanju, odnosno, trajanjima koja žive u preplitanju. Lako je u takvim okolnostima biti razmažen, a još lakše uzimati zdravo za gotovo nešto izuzetno. Bruno Munari dokazuje svojim radom da je negovanje estetskih antena neraskidivo vezano sa podnebljem u kojem je neko stasavao. To nije nikakav neposredni zaključak knjige, već moje dopisivanje, zasnovano na onome što o Italiji možemo misliti u odnosu na svet mode, dizajna, umetnosti. Ali bez tog dodatka možda bi se previdelo da Munarijeva estetika počiva ne samo na idejama Bauhausa, već dodira sa svakodnevicom. A kada predmeti koje koristimo svaki dan, kao i okruženje u kome živimo postanu umetnost, tek tad ćemo moći, veli Munari, da kažemo da smo ostvarili uravnotežen život. Dizajner ne sme da se bavi poezijom, on mora da misli drukčije i da pravu meru svakom segmentu onoga čime se bavi, a najlepše je ono što je najfunkcionalnije. Najbolji učitelj dizajna je priroda i njena rešenja su dragocena svakom ko želi da se dizajnom bavi. Od primene bambusa do preseka orhideje, Munari pokazuje estetsku snagu funkcionalnosti predmeta. Dizajn je i komunikacija i putokaz i moćno sredstvo upravljanja. I bezbroj različitih stolica i ideja stolice. I ambalaža za keks i česma i font i tepih i hemijska olovka. Dizajn je i poziv na estetsku igru prepoznavanja i upoznavanja sa svetom, pravljenje prirode u prirodi. Uzbudljiva posla. Ipak, Munarijev značaj za istoriju dizajna prevazilazi njega kao mislioca.
Profile Image for Jeffrey.
10 reviews5 followers
January 19, 2009
Part social commentary in a world of design, part designerly musing, and part thoughtful criticism at a world filled with abused objects, Munari's new publication by Penguin is a welcoming oasis of short essays (many merely one page long concisely argued and written) to the tyranny of cognitive science and user research tomes dominating design thinking today (think Norman and IDEO combined).

Clearly, Munari was writing in and for another period. That was a period spearheaded by designers-thinkers from the ranks of Nelson, Eames, Maldonado, Rittel, Bill, Aicher and Dreyfuss. These designers offer the insight that acute observation combined with thoughtful reflection of the material world is one of the most powerful forte of a designer.

In this book, I like the Munari's insight of 'wearing' best. He asks us to look at how objects become worn in their everyday use. Should we design objects on the sole merit of personal aesthetics and upon the Platonic plane of Ideal Geometry? Or should we design objects according to a limited sampling of user-needs study? Or as Munari suggests, should we design objects according to how it has been worn across time?

Munari did not answer his question (neither would I!). But it is this pensive quality of his work that merit his presence in the mind of every design thinker--a mind that seeks to ponder the thoughts on design across time.

Profile Image for lorinbocol.
265 reviews434 followers
December 10, 2017
munari diceva: «il sogno dell'artista è quello di arrivare al museo, il sogno del designer è quello di arrivare al mercato rionale». e diceva pure: «l'uovo è una forma perfetta benché sia fatta col culo».
eccoci qui. con un libro in cui c'è tutto: il sublime e il prosaico, il colpo di genio dell'ispirazione e la ripetitività del metodo, il volo pindarico e la pratica. un testo fondamentale. da consultare, da leggere, da tenere lì perché di munari non ci si stanca (io non mi stanco) mai.
Profile Image for Natty Peterkin.
90 reviews2 followers
February 4, 2018
About half of this book is excellent and insightful design theory, which I found compelling and inspiring as a designer myself. However, the rest of the material somewhat detracts from the excellence of these parts with tangential stories about the author's own projects (references to his own work aren't a bad thing as such, they are just too frequent and sometimes too lengthy) and a couple of tedious chapters that spend several pages dramatically emphasising a single point.
Profile Image for Anina e gambette di pollo.
78 reviews33 followers
March 1, 2018
Autore: italiano (1907-1998). Articoli

Con la penna fu un genio del designer e un ottimo scrittore. Cose che non coesistono obbligatoriamente, insieme a molte altre che attiravano l’eclettismo di Munari.

Ogni tanto dico che non dovrei comperare più nulla e rileggere ciò che ho già, almeno in parte.
La mia libraia sbianca, ma poi si riprende: sa che adesso, ormai, non sarebbe più possibile.
Forse esiste un centro dove, a furia di visioni coatte di Amici, XFactor, Isola dei famosi, C’è posta per te, come il drugo Alex potrei disintossicarmi…. ma solo scriverlo qui mi terrorizza.

Ogni tanto, cercando un po’ di spazio o spolverando, mi cade l’occhio su qualcosa che non posso fare a meno di riprendere in mano.
Questo, ad esempio, che ho aperto alle pagine dedicate ad una casa giapponese.

Tempo fa vidi un bel documentario su Kurosawa con delle bellissime immagini della sua casa.
A parte il perfetto giardino e i vari specchi d’acqua, la casa era la tradizionale (e ormai costosissima) casa giapponese a pareti di carta mobili. La sola differenza era l’assenza di tatami e la presenza di pavimenti in legno. Il futon non era per terra, ma su una rete di legno. Vista l’età degli abitanti erano presenti delle panche e alcune semplicissime sedie. Tutto rigorosamente in legno.
Spazio per un solo vaso di fiori ed un solo quadro o pannello.

Mia madre, che soffriva di horror vacui, non avrebbe mai potuto abitare in Giappone.

lettura del 1967
sbirciata del 28.02.2018
Profile Image for Bahareh.
14 reviews6 followers
February 7, 2020
طراحی در معنای هنر
برگردان آزاده بیات،شادی عظیمی و گروه علمی چهارباغ

کتاب از لحاظ تئوری چیزی به دانسته هاتون اضافه نمیکنه
فقط ادعای تصحیح نوع نگاه هنرمند رو داره و این ادعا رو تا حدودی عملی میکنه
در هر صورت خوندنش خالی از لطف نیست،خصوصا برای هنرجویان و هنرآموزانی که ابتدای راه هستن
Profile Image for Satyajeet.
110 reviews344 followers
October 2, 2019

description

‘Copying nature’ is one thing and understanding nature is another. Copying nature can be simply a form of manual dexterity that does not help us to understand, for it shows us things just as we are accustomed to seeing them. But studying the structures of nature, observing the evolution of forms, can give everyone a better understanding of the world we live in.
It's a gem!
2,828 reviews73 followers
December 2, 2021

3.5 Stars!

Penguin published many handy and interesting little books like this around the 1970s which are really insightful and informative, by the likes of John Berger and Susan Sontag, and many others, covering many fields of art and culture in new (for the time at least) and refreshing ways.

Munari makes for good company as he chats away about his various ideas on beauty, design and taste and although some of what he says may fall under the obvious to many, he still makes for worthwhile and engaging reading and overall I enjoyed this.
17 reviews
March 21, 2020
I enjoyed all of these essays, and there were a few that particularly stood out. I wish good reads had half star allocations because this would be 3.5. I liked it.
Profile Image for Brynn.
410 reviews29 followers
December 19, 2010
Maxim Gorky: "An artist is a man who digests his own subjective impressions and knows how to find a general objective meaning in them, and how to express them in a convincing form."

"[Design] is planning: the planning as objectively as possible of everything that goes to make up the surroundings and atmosphere in which men live today." (35)

"A poem only communicates if read slowly: only then does it have time to create a state of mind in which the images can form and be transformed." (68)

"Any knowledge of the world we live in is useful, and enables us to understand things that previously we did not know existed." (82)

Tao Te-ching: "Concern yourself with things before they come into existence." (160)

"Naturally, this puts an end to the already tarnished image of the work of art as a rare and even unique thing, independent of what it expresses." (167)

Paul Valery: "The greatest freedom comes from the greatest strictness." (172)

Goethe: "To understand means to be capable of doing." (185)

"According to an ancient Chinese saying, infinity is a square without corners." (195)

"If the idea is there, the brush can spare itself the work. (Ancient rule of Chinese painting." (200)
Profile Image for Kun-San.
2 reviews
January 28, 2024
I always hope writings on art and design will be comprehensive and increase the reader's understanding of the field and I always come out disappointed. The book is filled with useless jargon and unnecessary similes and when it is not doing that the author is shoving his own point of view down your throat. Reading the book only taught me one thing. Self proclaimed artists and designers can't write even though they seem to think so.
Profile Image for Danielius Goriunovas.
Author 1 book263 followers
August 2, 2023
Honestly, I am a bit disappointed. Half of this book is just plain outdated - concepts aren't new or are difficult to believe in today's world. Book print (Penguin) is difficult to read too - the book format is difficult to handle, hold, flip pages.

I expected something better.
Profile Image for Isaiah.
23 reviews2 followers
September 26, 2024
In the beginning i was so enthralled in this. Up until about page 126. Then imo he was Bruno was just yapping about nothing. But before that was very solid. He really got me thinking more complexly about what art means in the modern world and how things are meant to blend together and form a soul. Whether this be a project you’re working on, your home, or anything else. Art snd aesthetic are even more important today in our hyper consumerist society. He was definitely right in stating art reflects lived culture, not culture studies of 200+ years ago but of following trends and artistic waves of the present.
Profile Image for alice.
13 reviews4 followers
August 4, 2025
davvero incredibile

L'individualismo porta alla valorizzazione del genio in tutti i campi, mentre il senso della specie porta alle grandi realizzazioni collettive. Il genio produce opere singolari e crea negli altri individui un complesso di inferiorità, una frustrazione che impedisce loro di realizzare le proprie aspirazioni. Il senso della specie porta a lavorare per gli altri, ad aiutare il prossimo (che siamo sempre noi stessi) a risolvere collettivamente piccoli e grandi problemi.
Profile Image for Mind the Book.
936 reviews70 followers
April 13, 2017
Så tacksam att få ta del av Munaris humoristiska, erfarenhetsbaserade tankar om design.
Fann den via en 'staff pick' i museishoppen på National Portrait Gallery.
Profile Image for Megan Treacy.
25 reviews
January 12, 2024
i love an illustrated book and i liked his funny writing, didn’t expect such a lovely sentimental appendix
Profile Image for Anna.
4 reviews
May 24, 2023
I think this was an enjoyable and sometimes with some pretty profound ideas about Design and our role as Designers. The last chapter took me multiple months to finish, because unfortunately, that part was quite boring to me.. Other than that, definitely recommended if you can look through the last chapter!
Profile Image for Will Schumer.
54 reviews2 followers
December 4, 2017
I haven’t done a proper book review in the past few months, but since Scupp seems to be keeping up, I suppose I’m OBLIGATED to.

Anywho, I had originally read Design as Art a while back because it was recommended to me by someone at the Bauhaus-Archiv in Berlin, and about a year or two later by a Danish guy at a clothing store in NYC when we were talking Naoto Fukasawa. I had no idea what to expect upon going in.

What I found was one of the most brilliant explanations of the merit of industrial, graphic, and architectural design I have cole across yet. Munari’s very mid-century Italian humour pairs well with his immense knowledge of the tradition of commercial design as an art form. In many ways, Design as Art helped me learn to engage with everyday objects as not just objects of utility, but expressions of culture and aesthetic value.

Either way, Munari basically said everything Dieter Rams wanted to say about design in a much more round-about way, so kudos to him for that.
Profile Image for Onika.
165 reviews18 followers
September 10, 2024
Do you know these footnotes in old academic literature, which go along the line of "this information was revealed to me in a dream"?

Yea, that's my overall feeling when reading academic books from the 20th century. What are references? What is peer reviewing? Why should I underline my assumptions with empirical studies? All these questions were definitely not asked by Munari.

However it was still kind of a nice read. It's easy to understand what he's trying to say, although a little bit too focused on his own, very contemporary and very useless art projects (I'm not mean here, he even has some art called "useless machine" I think).

Still, Munari shows us, how design is incorporated into nearly every aspect of our live. From architecture to our spoons and knifes. And that is indeed quite interesting.
Profile Image for Jefferson.
28 reviews
January 7, 2020
This book is a collection of short informal essays, many of which are not worthy of publication and seem to stand solely in the shadow of Munari's reputation as a designer. They read as notes to self and are not nearly as informative as I expected them to be, not to mention that they are not very cohesive as a whole (especially towards the end of the book), which makes it hard to gain any reading momentum. I concede that there are bits and pieces of insightful information here and there, such as the main idea that the form of a piece of design should organically follow from its function. However, if you want more than a "toilet read," to quote another review I remember reading when first coming across this book, you'd be better off with a different title.
Profile Image for Roman Faminou.
22 reviews1 follower
January 28, 2024
This was maybe the worst book to read after Gombrich's "The Story of Art." Where the latter encourages flexibility of mind and humility in the face of art, Munari storms in with opinions he seems to consider set in stone but which to me did little beyond feeling arrogant. I didn't unfortunately find his essays amusing or revelatory, instead they felt like an exercise in self-indulgence or self-promotion, coupled with a slight obsession with Japan. It's possible this was genius in the 1960s when the world was defining modernity - now, I felt, there was little to learn and little to enjoy.
Profile Image for Park Frost.
84 reviews5 followers
December 2, 2014
Like listening to a wise elder ramble on an on about varying topics only to find that at the end of all of it, the specifics of the monologue have all melted together. An easy mindless but enjoyable & wise read.
Profile Image for Ola.
130 reviews58 followers
August 4, 2012
A piece of wonderful fancy, elegant prose mixed with deep humanism and all that written by well-educated, admirable man with an ironic spark in his eye.

_______________________

O przewadze bambusu nad marmurem


I zatrzęsły się ziemia, wody i niebiosa i zagrzmiały burze i pojawiła się anglojęzyczna księgarnia, która nie zabija cenami, a Pan wiedział, że to było dobre. W związku z tym przyszedł czas na zrecenzowanie arcydzieła teorii sztuki projektowania - Design as Art, za którego zaistnienie się odpowiedzialny jest włoski artysta, Bruno Munari, prawdziwa gwiazda swojej dziedziny. Niestety, wbrew temu, co kojarzy się z gwiazdorstwem, nie wiem nic o jego żonie, dzieciach i życiu osobistym, a jeszcze mniej o jego jamniku (którego być może nie posiadał), nie będziemy się więc tym zajmować.

Design as Art to czterdzieści dwa artykuły, pogrupowane w pięciu rozdziałach, a także dwie przemowy. Jedna z nich to wstęp do wydania angielskiego, niezmiernie nudny, druga, ta ogólna, jest o wiele ciekawsza. Oprócz tego w oprawie znaleźć można tytułowy tekst Design as Art oraz appendiks The Machines of my Childhood. Pozwolę sobie na podawanie tytułów i fragmentów w ich oryginalnym brzmieniu i bez tłumaczenia, ponieważ, jak sądzę, żaden z was nie będzie miał z nimi najmniejszego problemu. Jeżeli zaś angielski, lingua franca naszych czasów, zejdzie kiedyś, wzorem łaciny, do akademickiego podziemia, z pewnością znajdą się tacy redaktorzy, którzy gorliwie opatrzą tekst stosownymi przypisami i sprzedadzą go z zyskiem znacznie wyższym, niż gdyby owych przypisów zabrakło*. Nie traćmy więc nadziei.

Zanim przejdziemy do omawiania zawartości Design as Art, kilka słów o tym, jak to wszystko wygląda. Nie istnieje, niestety, żaden przekład tego dzieła na język polski i tylko brak znajomości włoskiego powstrzymuje mnie przed wykonaniem jego pierwszej wersji. Póki co, wystarczyć mi musi ( i nie tylko mnie) angielskie tłumaczenie, którym w 1971 roku zajął się Patrick Creagh na zlecenie wydawnictwa Penguin Books. Książka pierwotnie została wydana w ramach serii Pelican Books, której misją było przede wszystkim edukowanie czytelnika. Egzemplarz, który mi służył (i, miejmy nadzieję, będzie służyć jeszcze długo), to szósta już edycja książki, włączonej do serii Penguin Modern Classics. Za typograficzną stronę wydania odpowiedzialny jest, jak informuje mnie stopka, Germano Facetti, Włoch, pracujący dla Penguin Books w latach 1962-1971. Sposób, w jaki wydano Design... świadczy o niezwykłym poczuciu smaku jego projektanta. Okładka jest biało-czarna i ascetyczna w formie, ozdobiona jedynie rysunkami Munariego, które pojawiają się ponownie, lecz w większej ilości, przy okazji tekstu Character Building; w środku próżno szukać jakichkolwiek zbędnych elementów, krój pisma jest przyjemny i dobrze czytelny, a lekko brązowy papier nie powoduje męczących oczy kontrastów (należałoby pokazać tę książkę każdemu wydawcy, decydującemu się na drukowanie podręczników akademickich na obrzydliwie lśniącym, kredowym papierze). Teksty Munariego ilustrowane są dodatkowo wykonanymi przez niego rysunkami, mniej lub bardziej schematycznymi, w zależności od potrzeb. Całość tworzy jedno z najlepszych i najpiękniejszych wydań, z jakimi kiedykolwiek się zetknęłam. Edycja Perfekcyjnie Prosta.


Design as Art


Każdy artykuł z książki Munariego jest niewielkich rozmiarów esejem, roztrząsającym pewien aspekt z dziedziny projektowania – najczęściej dotyczący psychologii patrzenia, a poza tym ogólnej filozofii tzw. 'dizajnu'. Słowo to, o ile mi wiadomo, nie występuje jeszcze w słowniku, z drugiej jednak strony wydawnictwo Karakter opatruje swoją pozycję Widzieć / Wiedzieć – o której była już mowa – podtytułem: Wybór najważniejszych tekstów o d i z a j n i e. I jak tu być mądrym?

Powróćmy jednak do książki, która jest głównym przedmiotem tej recenzji. Munari wyłuszcza w artykułach swoje poglądy na sposób, w jaki powinno się podchodzić do projektowania. Jego Rzecz Idealna w niczym nie przypomina fikuśnych gadżetów za grube pieniądze, dostępnych wyłącznie dla biznesmenów i snobów, które mogą ustawić w swoim dopieszczonym, wystylizowanym salonie pomiędzy wysokojakościowym reprintem plakatu Picassa, a sprowadzanymi z Japonii, audiofilskimi wydaniami albumów jazzowych. Wręcz przeciwnie! Projekt powinien być prosty, łatwy w obsłudze, wykonany z naturalnych materiałów, niedrogi, ogólnodostępny, a przy tym – i przez to – piękny. Zresztą, nie tylko wzornictwo Munariego jest różne od tego, do czego jesteśmy przyzwyczajeni; także zadania wyznaczone projektantom są nieco inne:

„The designer of today re-establishes the long lost contact between art and the public, between living people and art as a living thing”.

Grają trąby, drżą góry, artyści-projektanci, otoczeni świetlistym halo zniżają się do poziomu profanów, przekazując im swój święty ogień! Munari był obdarzony naprawdę niezwykłym poczuciem humoru. Design as Art został napisany w 1966 roku. Dwadzieścia trzy lata wcześniej, w roku 1943 Ingvar Kamprad otworzył w szwedzkiej Smalandii pierwszy sklep sieci Ikea. Sześćdziesiąt osiem lat od jego założenia i prawie pięćdziesiąt od pierwszego wydania Design as Art nie ma właściwie żadnej innej firmy, która choćby minimalnie zbliżyła się do ideałów, o których pisał. Jakby tego było mało, coraz częściej słyszę głosy deprecjonujące to, co udało się osiągnąć Szwedom. Rzecz jasna rozumiem, że to, co dostępne dla mas, nie ma prawa być dobre, a najlepszym wykładnikiem dobrego smaku są zera na metce z ceną, sądzę jednak, że snobizm nie musi czuć się zagrożony. Poza nielicznymi wyjątkami nabywca nadal ma zasadniczo dwie drogi – ekskluzywna i bajońsko droga prostota albo tania obfitość kiczu. Nawiasem mówiąc, trudno mi znaleźć jakąkolwiek inną książkę teoretyczną, której autor tak wdzięcznie i ironicznie rozprawiałby się z wizualnym filisterstwem i snobizmem. Bez odpowiedzi i komentarza zostawię za to pytanie, dlaczego lampa zaprojektowana przez Munariego z nylonu i stalowych obręczy w najtańszej wersji kosztuje ponad pięćset dolarów. Z powodu mojej nieukrywanej sympatii dla autora Design as Art pozwolę sobie zrzucić odpowiedzialność za tę sytuację na firmę, która zajmuje się ich produkcją.


How One Lives in a Traditional Japanese House


Pamiętam, z jakim zachwytem patrzyłam jako nastolatka na nowo powstające budynki, przypominające grube, lśniące chrabąszcze, pełne szkła i czarnego marmuru. Kilka lat wcześniej w miejscu (nadal zresztą obowiązującej) industrialnej estetyki można było oglądać czerwoną dachówkę oraz kolorowe elewacje, które wprost doskonale komponowały się z moimi nowymi, tęczowymi lakierkami i tak tragicznie nie pasowały do niczego poza nimi. Munari załamałby nad nimi ręce. Nad budynkami, nie lakierkami, oczywiście. Ideałem architektonicznym jest dla niego tradycyjne japońskie budownictwo, któremu poświęca osobny tekst. Tekst, jak na tekst przystało, ma tytuł: How One Lives in a Traditional Japanese House.

A co jest w środku? Wewnątrz artykułu znajduje się dom, zbudowany z papieru i bambusa, w domu – tylko to, co niezbędne. Ściany są lekkie, można je więc bez problemu przestawiać, a jeżeli jakiś wyjątkowo nieuważny przybysz pobrudzi lub uszkodzi tego typu „mur”, da się go z łatwością i za niewielkie pieniądze wymienić. Mur, nie odwiedzającego; pamiętajmy, że jesteśmy w Japonii, wśród niezwykle taktownych ludzi, którym z pewnością nie przyszłoby do głowy by wymienić gościa, nawet najbardziej nieznośnego, na inny egzemplarz.

Kolorystyka tradycyjnego japońskiego budownictwa jedynie na pierwszy rzut oka może wydawać się monotonna. Po bliższym przyjrzeniu się okazuje się, że jej spektrum jest bogate – obejmuje różne odcienie zieleni, brązów i żółci. Autor zauważa, że naturalne materiały, które nie zostają w żaden sposób zabarwione, starzeją się lepiej, podczas gdy te, których kolor zmieniono, prędko brzydną. Pigmenty bledną i utleniają się, a drewno ma skłonność do pękania:

„A natural material ages well. Painted material loses its paint, cannot breathe, rots. It has become bogus”.

Japoński dom ma jednak jedną, straszliwą wadę – jest delikatny jak ważka, wymaga więc stosownego zachowywania się. Podłoga, składająca się z mat tatami, nie pozwala na rzucanie na nią niedopałków papierosów, nie da się trzaskać drzwiami, uderzenie w ścianę pozostawi w niej dziurę, a każdy brud, czy błoto są od razu widoczne. Munari nie omieszkał podkreślić, jak bardzo jesteśmy szczęśliwi w porównaniu do Japończyków, żyjących w swoich kruchych mieszkaniach. Możemy swobodnie kultywować brak elementarnej ogłady, a nowe generacje tekstyliów, skonstruowanych tak, by nie było widać na nich brudu, radośnie nas w tym wspomogą.


Orange, Peas and Rose


Trzecim artykułem, który chciałabym polecić waszej uwadze, jest Orange, Peas and Rose z rozdziału Industrial Design. Tekst ten to rzecz wyjątkowa, nawet wziąwszy pod uwagę to, w jak doborowym sąsiedztwie został umieszczony. Pomysł, by potraktować formę, w której zostały zamknięte ćwiartki pomarańczy, kuleczki groszku i pręciki róży, jako rodzaj opakowania, to niezwykle ciekawa koncepcja, tym bardziej, że do ich opisu użyto stosownego języka. Jak wygląda efekt tej roszady? Skórka pomarańczy jest bardziej mięsista, niż kiedykolwiek, groszek sprawia problemy nieprzewidywalnością zawartości opakowania, a róża to pozbawiony funkcji przerost formy nad treścią. Proszę zresztą posłuchać:

„Any rational concept of the function of Industrial Design must begin be rejecting the all too common production of objects that are absolutely useless to man. (…) One such object is the rose. The object is very widely produced, and this production often becomes really chaotic in circumstances when the economics of production have been given no serious study at all. The object is formally coherent and pleasantly coloured. It comes in a wide variety of colours, all of them warm. The distribution channels for the sap are well worked out and arranged with great precision; indeed, with excessive precision in the case of those parts which are hidden from view. The petals are elegantly curved, reminding one of a Pininfarina sports car design”.


Luxurioursly Appointed Gentlemen's Apartaments


Esej o pomarańczy, groszku i róży nie był ostatnim, który uznałam za warty przybliżenia. Pozostał nam jeszcze jeden, szczególnie zabawny oraz ironiczny. To Luxioursly Appointed Gentlemen's Apartaments. Napisany przed laty, nie stracił nic ze swojej aktualności, nie jest to jednak powód do radości, a raczej do rozpaczy.

Tekst rozpoczyna się krótkim wprowadzeniem, które wyjaśnia współczesne, zarówno wielu z nas, jak i autorowi, rozumienie luksusu. Bynajmniej nie wiąże się on z wygodą; nikt nie wydaje tysięcy na taki banał jak wygoda. Luksus ma mieć jedną, zasadniczą cechę: musi być wystawny i, co zazwyczaj za tym idzie, skrajnie niepraktyczny. Munari przytacza znakomity przykład: złoty telefon, który wręczono Papieżowi. Trudno o większą i bardziej pompatyczną bzdurę.

Dalej jest jeszcze gorzej. „Luksusowe urządzenie mieszkania” każdego „gentlemana” opiera się na karkołomnym piętrzeniu kosztownych idiotyzmów, nie mających żadnego uzasadnienia funkcjonalnego. Wymagające długotrwałego polerowania marmury, ułożone na podłodze, zwłaszcza te, znajdujące się przy drzwiach wejściowych, z powodów użytkowych będą musiały być zasłonięte czerwonym, eleganckim dywanem. Dywan – białym materiałem. B i a ł y materiał, tak łatwo się brudzący – folią. Wyliczenia kolejnych elementów przypominają jako żywo te, które pojawiają się u Flauberta przy okazji opisu lektur Emmy Bovary. Piękną pointę, nie tylko tego konkretnego artykułu, ale całej książki, pozostawię projektantowi:

„So we enter the house and tread at once on the plastic, but warm in the knowledge that under it is white material and under that the red carpet and under that the marble. And we know, of course, that the marble is very highly polished”.

_________________________
*Ha-ha-ha.
Profile Image for francisco rivera.
175 reviews5 followers
November 21, 2025
"Beauty as conceived of in the fine arts, a sense of balance comparable with that of the masterpieces of the past, harmony and all the rest of it, simply make no more sense in design. If the form of an object turns out to be 'beautiful' it will be thanks to the logic of its construction and to the precision of the solutions found for its various components. It is 'beautiful' because it is just right. An exact project produces a beautiful object, beautiful not because it is like a piece of sculpture, even modern sculpture, but because it is only like itself...

A thing is not beautiful because it is beautiful, as the he-frog said to the she-frog, it is beautiful because one likes it."

I don't believe in the idea that we shouldn't judge books by their covers. If a book claims to know something about the theory underlying design, it had better have an immaculate cover, and I started trusting this book the moment I saw it on the shelf. As a student of the school of formalism, I was looking forward to seeing Munari explore the relationship between form and function, and he more than delivered on that. But, it wasn't as much by dissecting the forms as I've seen professors do in the past (I remember one Imperial Roman art history lecture where the professor deduced changing attitudes towards power from subtle differences in the sculpting of the orbital bone on a bust of the emperor). Instead, this branch of formalism held a reverence for the medium and materials themselves which went deeper than the aesthetic result.

The book itself is an art-object, with illustrations rich in thought formatted purposefully alongside the text. The text gets almost schematic at times, and I love how it borders on analytic philosophy, because art does have that cerebral dimension that often goes ignored. The "art" that Munari is talking about is a very contemporary one, which has already been irreversibly changed by modernity, but he also points to the idea that it has only ever been this way. Visual language is always in flux, at play with our shifting world. As a collection of short essays, this was an extremely digestible read, and I found myself wanting to slow down and enjoy it more instead of devouring.

This is something to return to over time, and I didn't always understand all of it. Some of the essays felt a little unfocused and pulled away from Munari's conception of "design as art", or at least didn't contribute as strongly to the ethos as other pieces did. That being said, the essence that this book conveys is undeniable; Munari has a caustic sense of humor that only an Italian artist could possess, preserved by the translation. And, you can see that his is a conception of art not based in objects, or colors, or even just forms, but about a deep experience and appreciation of life.
Profile Image for Quiver.
1,134 reviews1,354 followers
August 24, 2019

The designer of course does not operate in nature, but within the orbit of industrial production, and therefore his projects will aim at a different kind of spontaneity, an industrial spontaneity based on simplicity and economy in construction. There are limits of how far simplicity of structure can be taken, and it is exciting to push things to these limits.


I approached Munari's book with high expectations (since it's so highly rated), but ultimately found little of interest to latch on to.

Fun and curious parts:
- The descriptions and pictures of his Useless Machines in the Preface;
- the defamiliarisations of certain objects through unusual descrptions: Peas: 'These are foods products of varying diameters packed in bivalve cases of great elegance of form, color and material.' Roses: 'These are objects that have come into being for no good reason, useful only on the most banal level: that of decoration.'Cars are pieces of travelling furniture.);
- the proliferation of quotations: 'Concern yourself with things before they come into existence.’ (Tao Te-ching); ‘The greatest freedom comes from the greatest strictness.’ (Paul Valery); ‘To understand means to be capable of doing.’ (Goethe)

Wouldn't recommend to seasoned readers. Perhaps young design students would be a better audience.
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