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Dal profondo: 1918: la rivoluzione vista dalla Russia

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Dal profondo, come spiega Pietro Modesto nella nota introduttiva all’edizione italiana Jaca Book del 1971, viene dato alle stampe nell’autunno del 1918, ma sarà distribuito in Russia in forma semi-clandestina solo nel ‘21 e potrà essere pubblicato a Parigi nel 1967. Si tratta di una raccolta di interventi prevalentemente di filosofia politica sulla rivoluzione scoppiata un anno prima, scritti, da Askol’dov, Berdjaev, Bulgakov, Lande, Kotljarevskij, Murav’ëv, Novgorodcev, Pokrovskij, Struve, Ivanov e Frank. Nel riproporlo, abbiamo perciò voluto privilegiare il centenario della rivoluzione d’ottobre perché non esiste un testo coevo più rilevante in quanto ad analisi degli avvenimenti da parte di esponenti della cultura russa. Dal profondo è infatti la terza delle più importanti raccolte del pensiero russo dell’inizio del xx secolo (Problemi dell’idealismo 1902, La svolta, Vechi 1909, Dal profondo, Iz glubiny 1918). In esso troviamo la lettura in corso d’opera del precipitare nell’abisso del terrore provocato dalla folle dittatura di un partito nichilista guidato da Lenin.
Eppure Berdjaev, Bulgakov e Struve in esilio a Parigi, Frank a Londra, non potranno trasmettere in Occidente il senso della catastrofe. Non sarà permesso loro di esprimere sino «in fondo» la tragedia antropologica che nell’intelligencija russa ha preceduto e consentito l’avvento della dittatura. Saranno considerati, con plauso o feroce critica, come dissidenti di un regime, non come testimoni di un abisso.

286 pages, Kindle Edition

Published January 2, 2022

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About the author

Nikolai Berdyaev

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Nikolai Alexandrovich Berdyaev was born at Kyiv in 1874 of an aristocratic family. He commenced his education in a military school and subsequently entered the University of Kiev. There he accepted Marxism and took part in political agitation, for which he was expelled. At twenty-five he was exiled from Kiev to the north of Russia and narrowly escaped a second period of exile shortly before the Revolution. Before this, however, he had broken with Marxism in company with Sergius Bulgakov, and in 1909 he contributed to a symposium which reaffirmed the values of Orthodox Christianity. After the October Revolution he was appointed by the Bolshevists to a chair of philosophy in the University of Moscow, but soon fell into disfavour for his independent political opinions. He was twice imprisoned and in 1922 was expelled from the country. He settled first in Berlin, where he opened a Russian Academy of Philosophy and Religion. Thence he moved to Clamart near Paris, where he lectured in a similar institution. In 1939 he was invited to lecture at the Sorbonne. He lived through the German occupation unmolested. After the liberation, he announced his adhesion to the Soviet government, but later an article by him published in a Paris (Russian) newspaper, criticising the return to a policy of repression, was tantamount to a withdrawal of this. He died at Clamart March 24, 1948.

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