“Jochen Pieper” by Charles Whiting explores the checkered military career of the SS Obersturmbahnfuhrer convicted for war crimes at Malmedy. Whiting places the actions of Pieper’s troops in the broader context of civilian, partisan and military interactions during the Battle of the Bulge.
Whiting’s account of the actions of Kampfgruppe Peiper is detailed without falling victim to a morass of tactical description. Whiting outlines the circumstances surrounding the Malmedy Massacre, as well as the deaths in Stavelot and several other suspicious POW deaths.
Whiting devotes ample space describing Pieper’s battle plan and the actual route taken by the Kampgruppe. From the beginning of the Battle of the Bulge until their final withdrawal, Pieper’s advance was hindered by bad terrain, bad weather, and bad logistical support. Multiple firsthand accounts of the events described herein openly conflict with one another. The author attributes this to several factors: differing observational points of view, varying motives, and faulty memories all are in play. Thus, Whiting quotes the Russian proverb:” He lies like an eyewitness.”
The latter part of the study examines the Dachau trial that took place following the war. Whiting gives a balanced perspective about the trial and its concomitant issues. Jailers used torture when conducting their interrogations; mock trials were held as well as mock executions. Many of the POWs of the 1st SS division were placed in solitary confinement in unheated cells. These tactics were largely designed by US Army Lt. William Perl and tend to call into question virtually every confession extracted by the prosecutorial team.
Pieper gave no “take no prisoners order,” nor was he present at Malmedy. Instead, Pieper took responsibility for the actions of his troops after he became privy to their confessions. Whiting estimates that less than 1% of the 1st SS was involved in the killings of the POWs and suggests many civilian deaths in Stavelot resulted from errant American air and artillery.
Pieper was incarcerated until the realities of the Cold War emerged. Germany became the key to containment. The Soviet's had battered their allies; Britain was nearing bankruptcy; Greece was in a civil war; France and Italy had significant communist factions, and much of northern Europe was pacifistic. In addition, Stalin was greatly supportive of the effort to burden the US with a war in Asia. Thus, geopolitically, the 20th century became the “German Century,” hence the rehabilitation and rearmament of West Germany was an imperative. Looking east from the Fulda Gap, Americans needed a reliable ally legal nuance aside.
Whiting describes Pieper’s tragic murder in some detail. A communist ironmonger, the DDR, and the French communist party worked in symphony to assassinate Pieper and his dogs in the quiet French town of Traves on Bastille Day, 1976. Few eulogized his death, and many claimed it represented some variant of cosmic justice.
In summary, Whiting has written an important and readable book. He does not attempt to diminish the atrocities committed by Pieper’s Kampfgruppe, but he exposes some of the subsequent hypocrisies that descended on the West.