There is a great story of an individual who entered the Army during World War II. He rebelled against the rules, went AWOL, was sentenced to a stockade and was transferred to a combat infantry unit as a condition of commuting his jail sentence. Postwar, he did not adjust well to civilian life, and was eventually arrested and sent to Florida's Raiford Prison. He was transferred to a prison Road Camp, where daily life consisted of working in a chain gang, under the hot Florida sun, tarring roads or clearing brush along the roadways with slingblades. Corporal punishment from the "bosses" was commonplace; violation of any of a long list of infractions could get a man a night in the "box."
The subject of this story is Donn Pearce, who lied about his age in order to enter the army in 1944. He was kicked out of the army after his transfer to a combat unit, when his family notified authorities he was only age 16. He served a post-war stint in the Merchant Marine, prior to becoming involved in a career of safecracking and theft. By the time he reached his 21st birthday, he had quite a few life stories to tell, including receipt of a two-year sentence to Raifford Prison in 1949.
Pearce "went straight" after his prison wake-up call and worked at numerous jobs, while trying to break out as a writer. Cool Hand Luke was his first and only hit novel. Luke was probably patterned after another inmate Pearce knew at Raiford, although his own history provided fodder for Lucas Jackson's story. Luke ends up in trouble for knocking parking meter heads off their supports while he was drunk. He, unlike Pearce, had a chest full of war medals and at one time held the rank of sergeant, but finished the war as a private because of his drinking and adjustment problems. Pearce's book goes into detail about the trauma Luke experienced in battle. The reader is able make a connection between Luke's emotional trials during war and his future lack of ability to live a conventional life.
Luke's story is narrated by another inmate named Sailor. Luke is the anti-hero who refuses to give in to the system, wherever and whatever it may be. In the prison, he is constantly punished for refusing to "get his mind right." His ability to eat massive quantities of eggs and constant tweaking of the rules earn the respect of the camp's alpha male, Dragline, and from there the rest of the inmates. Luke is idolized by his peers for his defiance of the rules everyone else grudgingly follows, especially his escapes. This does not, however, result in any happiness for Luke. I believe the crucial part of the book is where he is surrounded by the other inmates of the bunk cabin who are all basking in his rebellious success, and his reaction is to blow up and demand his privacy. This is not egotism; it is his realization that he does not have a vision of a successful future. Even his celebrated escapes have ended in capture and return to the prison camp. Luke, a "natural born world-shaker," knows he can retain the personal satisfaction of withstanding any physical punishment for refusing to knuckle under the prison's rules, but in the end the system is still going to win. For Luke, this happens when Boss Godfrey, he of the mirrored sun glasses, puts a bullet in him.
The book of course became the source material for a classic motion picture. Pearce shared credit with Frank Pierson for writing the screen adaptation. Pearce appears in the film in an uncredited cameo as an inmate named Sailor. The famous line from Captain, "What we've got here is .. failure to communicate", is not Pearce's and is not in the book. It was written by Pierson for the movie.
Pearce received a decent payday for writing a best-selling novel and selling it to Hollywood, although that amount doesn't come close to the massive amounts thrown around in the movie industry now. Pearce has reportedly suffered financially through the years, and has had health problems. He still lives in Florida and continues writing, his latest novel titled "Nobody Comes Back", about the Battle of the Bulge.