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392 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 1981
"It is fascinating and beautifully realised..." (275)
"I want to convey the richness of [her/his] thought." (315)
"[Her/His] perspective is rich and complex, trenchant and compelling..." (322)
"[She/He] has the ability to create individual scenes - whether actual or mythical, past or present, imagined or directly experienced - with a remarkable directness and luminous clarity." (334)
"The industrialisation of production, which transforms scientific knowledge into technology, creates new human environments and destroys old ones, speeds up the whole tempo of life, generates new forms of corporate power and class struggle; immense demographic upheavals, severing millions of people from their ancestral habitats, hurtling them half-way across the globe into new lives; rapid and often cataclysmic urban growth; systems of mass communication, dynamic in their development, enveloping and binding together the most diverse people and societies; increasingly powerful national states, bureaucratically structured and operated, constantly striving to expand their powers; mass social movements of people, and peoples, challenging their political and economic rulers, striving to gain some control over their lives; finally, bearing and driving all these people and institutions along, an ever-expanding, drastically fluctuating capitalist world market." (16)
"[The world-historical processes of Modernisation] have nourished an amazing variety of visions and ideas that aim to make men and women the subjects as well as the objects of modernisation, to give them the power to change the world that is changing them, to make their way through the maelstrom and make it their own...This book is a study in the dialectics of Modernisation and Modernism." (16)
"[Early Modernists] used Modernisation as a source of creative material and energy. Marx, Baudelaire and many others strove to grasp this world-historical process and appropriate it for mankind: to transform the chaotic energies of economic and social change into new forms of meaning and beauty, of freedom and solidarity; to help their fellow men and help themselves to become the subjects as well as objects of Modernisation." (174)

"All fixed, fast-frozen relations, with their train of ancient and venerable prejudices and opinions, are swept away, all new-formed ones become antiquated before they can ossify. All that is solid melts into air, all that is holy is profaned, and men at last are forced to face...the real conditions of their lives and their relations with their fellow men." (21)
"Modernists can never be done with the past: they must go on forever haunted by it, digging up its ghosts, recreating it even as they remake their world and themselves."
"The Modernism of the 1970s was distinguished by its desire and power to remember, to remember so much of what modern societies - regardless of what their ideologies and who their ruling classes are - want to forget. But when contemporary Modernists lose touch with and deny their own Modernity, they only echo the ruling class self-delusion that it has conquered the troubles and perils of the past, and meanwhile they cut themselves off, and cut us off, from a primary source of their own strength." (346)
"The culture of Modernism will go on developing new visions and expressions of life: for the same economic and social drives that endlessly transform the world around us, both for good and for evil, also transform the inner lives of the men and women who fill this world and make it go.
"The process of Modernisation, even as it exploits and torments us, brings our energies and imaginations to life, drives us to grasp and confront the world that Modernisation makes, and to strive to make it our own. I believe that we and those who come after us will go on fighting to make ourselves at home in this world, even as the homes we have made, the modern street, the modern spirit, go on melting into air." (348)
"Realism in literature and thought must develop into Modernism, in order to grasp the unfolding, fragmenting, decomposing and increasingly shadowy ealities of modern life." (257)

"So often the price of ongoing and expanding Modernity is the destruction not merely of 'traditional' and 'pre-Modern' institutions and environments but - and here is the real strategy - of everything most vital and beautiful in the Modern world itself." (295)
"One of the crucial tasks for Modernists in the 1960s was to confront the expressway world; another was to show that this was not the only possible modern world, that there were other, better directions in which the modern spirit could move." (313)
"There are more houses in the way...more people in the way...that's all."
"The Modernism of underdevelopment is forced to build on fantasies and dreams of Modernity, to nourish itself on an intimacy and a struggle with mirages and ghosts." (232)
"All forms of Modernist art and thought have a dual character: they are at once expressions of and protests against the process of Modernisation." (235)

“...The [information highway] world, the modern environment that emerged after the [invention of the internet] would reach a pinnacle of power and self confidence in the [early 21st century]...the developers and devotees of the [information highway] presented it as the only possible modern world; to oppose them and their works was to oppose modernity itself, to fight history and progress, to be a Luddite, an escapist, afraid of life and adventure and change and growth. This strategy was effective because, in fact, the vast majority of modern men and women do not want to resist modernity: they feel its excitement and believe in its promise, even when they find themselves in its way…”The books looks at the idea of Modernism as expressed in, mainly, works of Modernist literature: Goethe’s Faust (I didn’t know that this was a Modernist work either, but the case is made), The Communist Manifesto, Russian literature focusing on St Petersburg as a city conceived by Peter the Great as the greatest Modernist work of art ever, and ending with a look at New York including how Robert Moses impacted the city. The section on St Petersburg was by far the best and has persuaded me to read Andrei Bely’s book of the same name.
To be modern is to live a life of paradox and contradiction. It is to be overpowered by the immense bureaucratic organizations that have the power to control and often to destroy all communities, value, lives; and yet to be undeterred in our determination to face those forces, to fight to change their world and make it our own. It is to be both revolutionary and conservative: alive to new possibilities (13) for experience and adventure, frightened by the nihilistic depths to which so many modern adventures lead, longing to create and to hold on to something even as everything melts (13-14).
Meanwhile, social scientists, embarrassed by critical attacks on their techno-pastoral models, have fled from the task of building a model that might be truer to modern life. Instead, they have split modernity into a series of separate components – industrialization, state-building, urbanization, development of markets, elite formation – and resisted any attempt to integrate them into a whole. This has freed them from extravagant generalizations and vague totalities—but also from thought that might engage their own lives and works and their place in history (33-34)
Foucault’s totalities swallow up every facet of modern life. He develops these themes with obsessive relentlessness and, indeed, with sadistic flourishes, clamping his ideas down on his readers like iron bars, twisting each dialectic into our flesh like the turn of the screw (34).
Faust begins in an epoch whose thought and sensibility are modern in a way that twentieth-century readers can recognize at once, but whose material and social conditions are still medieval; the work ends in the midst of the spiritual and material upheavals of an industrial revolution. It starts in an intellectual’s lonely room, in an abstracted and isolated realm of thought; it ends in the midst of a far-reaching realm of production and exchange, ruled by giant corporate bodies and complex organizations, which Faust’s thought is helping to create, and which are enabling him to create more (39).
One of the most original and fruitful ideas in Goethe’s Faust is the idea of an affinity between the cultural ideal of self-development and the real social movement toward economic development (40).
Gretchen’s successors will get the point: where she stayed and died, they will leave and live. In the two centuries between Gretchen's time and ours, thousands of "little worlds" will be emptied out, transformed into hollow shells, while their young people head for great cities, for open frontiers, for new nations, in search of freedom to think and love and grow...Unwilling or unable to develop along with its children, the closed town will become a ghost town. Its victims' ghosts will be left with the last laugh (59).
...like Faust himself, tätig-frei, free to act, freely active. They have come together to form a new kind of community: a community that thrives not on the repression of free individuality in order to maintain a closed social system, but on free constructive action in common to protect the collective resources that enable every individual to become tätig-frei (66).
It appears that the very process of development, even as it transforms a wasteland into a thriving physical and social space, recreates the wasteland inside the developer himself. This is how the tragedy of development works (68).
But there is another motive for the murder that springs not merely from Faust's personality, but from a collective, impersonal drive that seems to be endemic to modernization: the drive to create a homogenous environment, a totally modernized space, in which the look and feel of the old world have disappeared without a trace (68).
If we want to locate Faustian visions and designs in the aged Goethe's time, the place to look is not in the economic and social realities of that age but in its radical and Utopian dreams; and, moreover, not in the capitalism of that age, but in its socialism (72).
It is only in the twentieth century that Faustian development has come into its own. In the capitalist world it has emerged most vividly in the proliferation of "public authorities" and superagencies designed to organize immense construction projects, especially in transportation and energy... (74)
Faust's unfinished construction site is the vibrant but shaky ground on which we must all stake out and build up our lives (86).
We will soon see how the real force and originality of Marx's "historical materialism" is the light it sheds on modern spiritual life (88).
Marx can shine new light...he can clarify the relationship between modernist culture and the bourgeois economy and society--the world of "modernization"--from which it has sprung (90).
Although Marx identifies himself as a materialist, he is not primarily interested in the things that the bourgeoisie creates. What matters to him is the processes, the powers, the expressions of human life and energy: men working, moving, cultivating, communicating, organizing and reworking nature and themselves--the new and endlessly renewed modes of activity that the bourgeoisie brings into being (93).
Alas to the bourgeois' embarrassment, they cannot afford to look down the roads they have opened up: the great wide vistas may turn into abysses. They can go on playing their revolutionary role only by denying its full extent and depth. But radical thinkers and workers are free to see where the roads lead, and to take them. If the good life is a life of action, why should the range of human activities be limited to those that are profitable? And why should modern men, who have seen what men's activity can bring about, passively accept the structure of their society as it is given? Since organized and concerted action can change the world in so many ways, why not organize and work together and fight to change it still more? (94).
Our lives are controlled by a ruling class with vested interests not merely in change but in crisis and chaos. "Uninterrupted disturbance, everlasting uncertainty and agitation," instead of subverting the society, actually serve to strengthen it. Catastrophes are transformed into lucrative opportunities for redevelopment and renewal; disintegration works as a mobilizing and hence an integrating force (95).
If we look behind the sober scenes that the members of our bourgeoisie create, and see the way they really work and act, we see that these solid citizens would tear down the world if it paid (100).
But the problem is that, given the nihilistic thrust of modern personal and social development, it is not at all clear what political bonds modern men can create. Thus the trouble in Marx's thought turns out to be a trouble that runs through the whole structure of modern life itself (128).
When Marx says that other values are "resolved into" exchange value, his point is that bourgeois society does not efface old structures of value but subsumes them. Old modes of honor and dignity do not die; instead, they get incorporated into the market, take on price tags, gain a new life as commodities. Thus, any imaginable mode of human conduct becomes morally permissible the moment it becomes economically possible, becomes "valuable"; anything goes if it pays. This is what modern nihilism is all about (111).
How Marx 'develops the themes by which modernism will come to define itself: the glory of modern energy and dynamism, the ravages of modern disintegration and nihilism, the strange intimacy between them: the sense of being caught in a vortex where all facts and values are whirled, exploded, decomposed, recombined: a basic uncertainty about what is basic, what is valuable, even what is real; a flaring up of the most radical hopes in the midst of their radical negations (121).
He accepted modern man in his entirety, with his weakness, his aspirations and his despair. He had thus been able to give beauty to sights that did not possess beauty in themselves, not by making them romantically picturesque, but by bringing to light the portion of the human soul hidden in them; he had thus revealed the sad and often tragic heart of the modern city. That was why he haunted, and would always haunt, the minds of modern men, and move them when other artists left them cold (132).
...it opened up the whole of the city, for the first time in its history, to all its inhabitants. Now, at last, it was possible to move not only within neighborhoods, but through them. Now, after centuries of life as a cluster of isolated cells, Paris was becoming a unified physical and human space (151).
The archetypal modern man, as we see him here, is a pedestrian thrown into the maelstrom of modern city traffic, a man alone contending against an agglomeration of mass and energy that is heavy, fast and lethal. The burgeoning street and boulevard traffic knows no spatial or temporal bounds, spills over into every urban space, imposes its tempo on everybody's time, transforms the whole modern environment into a "moving chaos." The chaos here lies not in the movers themselves...but in their interaction, in the totality of their movements in a common space. This makes the boulevard a perfect symbol of capitalism's inner contradictions: rationality in each capitalistic unit, leading to anarchic irrationality in the social system that brings all these units together (157).
...poets will become more deeply and authentically poetic by becoming more like ordinary men. If he throws himself into the moving chaos of everyday life in the modern world -- a life of which the new traffic is a primary symbol -- he can appropriate this life for art (160).
For one luminous moment, the multitude of solitudes that make up the modern city come together in a new kind of encounter, to make a people. "The streets belong to the people": they seize control of the city's elemental matter and make it their own. For a little while the chaotic modernism of solitary brusque moves gives way to an ordered modernism of mass movement (164).
for most of our century, urban spaces have been systematically designed and organized to ensure that collisions and confrontations will not take place here. The distinctive sign of nineteenth-century urbanism was the boulevard, a medium for bringing explosive material and human forces together; the hallmark of twentieth-century urbanism has been the highway, a means for putting them asunder. We see a strange dialectic here, in which one mode of mdoernism both energizes and exhausts itself trying to annihilate another, all in modernism's name (165).
a will to wrestle to the end of his energy with modern life's complexities and contradictions, to find and create himself in the midst of the anguish and beauty of its moving chaos (170).
It is a desire to live openly with the split and unreconciled character of our lives, and to draw energy from our inner struggles, wherever they may lead us in the end. If we learned through modernism to construct halos around our spaces and ourselves, we can learn from another modernism -- one of the oldest but also, we can see now, one of the newest -- to lose our halos and find ourselves anew (171).
هیچ یک از دو ترجمه فارسی در بیان اندوه نهفته در این شعر موفق نیستند... با این حال، همه کسانیکه در شهر خویش، به لطف انقلابی مردمی، برای چند روز یا چند ماه، مزه شیرین آزادی و برادری را چشیدهاند و از قدم زدن در فضای روشن و آفتابی جامعهای انسانی که در آن همگان واجد شأن و حیثیت انسانی و شهروندانی آزاد و برابرند، لذت بردهاند، و سپس بازگشت ظلمت استبداد و بلاهت و رذالت و شکست همه امیدهای روشن را تجربه کردهاند و بار دیگر مطرود و منزوی شدهاند، ژرفای این یأس و اندوه را در پس همین ترجمه ناموفق نیز حس خواهند کرد.
چند سال پس از انتشار این کتاب [تجربه مدرنیته]، این «صدای تنها» نه فقط همه میادین مسکو و پترزبورگ بلکه همه میدانهای همه شهرهای «اردوگاه» و امپراطوری شوروی را پر کرد و طنین نیرومندش حتی در میدان مرکزی پکن نیز شنیده شد. فکر این نکته به صاحبان قدرت هیچگاه خالی از فایده نیست؛ زیرا هم به نفع آنان و هم به نفع مردم است که هر چند سال یک بار در فضای آرام انتخاباتی آزاد «حساب پس دهند» تا در فضای پرجوش و خروش میادین پر از جمعیت و یا حتی در شرایطی از آن هم بدتر.
All that is solid melts into air, all that is sacred is profaned, and men at last are forced to face… the real conditions of their lives and their relations with their fellow men.
The first point here is the immense power of the market in modern men’s inner lives: they look to the price list for answers to questions not merely economic but metaphysical - questions of what is worthwhile, what is honorable, even what is real. When Marx says that other values are ‘resolved into’ exchange value, his point is that bourgeois society does not efface old structures of value but subsumes them. Old modes of honor and dignity do not die; instead, they get incorporated into the market, take on price tags, gain new life as commodities. Thus, any imaginable mode of human contact becomes morally permissible the moment it becomes economically possible, becomes ‘valuable’; anything goes if it pays. This is what modern nihilism is all about.
هر آنچه سخت و استوار است دود می شود و به هوا می رود
شرح مدرنیته را می شود از سئوال فلسفی مدرنیته چیست ؟ شروع کرد یا از دیدگاه تاریخی مدرنیته چگونه به وجود آمد ؟ یا زمینه اجتماعی مدرنیته چرا به وجود آمد ؟ یا بسیاری مسیرهای دیگر ولی مارشال برمن با قلم شیوای خود راهی را برگزید که به نظر من در نگاه اول کلاژی هنری است اما کتاب، فرم دیالکتیکی دارد و درست وقتی با هیجان و تحسین از مارکس برای ما می گوید چند صفحه بعد به نقد جدی برخی نظریات او می پردازد
برمن دانش وسیع خود در تاریخ و جامعه شناسی و فلسفه را لزومن با تئوری و اعداد و ارقام بیان نمی کند بلکه به داخل دریای مدرنیته شیرجه می زند و یا شاعرانه تر بگویم از باران نمی گوید خود می بارد. کمتر کتابی را سراغ دارم که در حجم 400 صفحه همزمان به این همه شعر و و رمان و آثار معماری و نقاشی بپردازد و هم نظریات فلسفی – سیاسی – اجتماعی را در عمق بسط دهد و هم اتوبیوگرافی باشد و هم زندگینامه و وقایع دقیق تاریخی . این کتاب یک موزه ی زنده است شهر فرنگی از فرهنگ و تلاش های آدمیانی که مدرنیته را بر پا کردند. ترتیب فصول کتاب با آنکه تاریخی اند همزمان جغرافیایی دارند و در عین حال گاه با حرکت غیرخطی در زمان کاری می کند که حوصله خواننده (مثل تاریخ نقد ادبی رنه ولک) سر نرود. به نظر من جا دارد این کتاب در ترم اول تمام رشته های دانشگاهی تدریس شود چون ذهن خواننده را نرم و منعطف و آماده و مدرن می کند و به او می آموزد کجای جهان ایستاده. شاید جالب باشد که حتی چند جای کتاب به تهران ما سر می زند ولی یک جا بند نمی شود و از برلین به پاریس و سن پترزبورگ رفته تا در آخر به محله ی خود نویسنده در نیویورک می رسد. برمن کمتر از یکسال پیش مرد اما گمان می کنم حداقل در جریان روشنفکری و میان جوانان ما جایگاه ممتازی دارد چنانچه وقتی بعد از مدتی باز اجازه تجدید چاپ می گیرد ظرف چند رو دوباره نایاب می شود.
فصول کتاب با شرح برخی جزییات خوانده خودم عبارتند از:
1- فاوست گوته (تراژدی توسعه و رشد) (زمان : قرن 18– مکان: آلمان- ژانر کلاژ: شعر / نمایشنامه / نقد سیاسی-ادبی)
تفسیر سیاسی برمن از فاوست گوته بسی دلنشین است وقتی اصل شعر را می خواندم تقلای زیادی کردم و چشمانم را خواب گرفت تا کتاب را به پایان برسانم اما وقتی تفسیر برمن را دیدم با اشتیاق به هر جا که اشاره می کرد می پریدم و چند بار می خواندمش
نمونه متن: عصر ما عصر فاوستی است و همگی عزمی راسخ داریم تا پیش از آنکه دخل همه مان بیاید خدا یا شیطان را ملاقات کنیم و آن رگه گریزناپذیر اصالت یگانه کلید ما برای این قفل است.
2- مارکس و مدرنیسم و مدرنیزاسیون (زمان: 19 قرن مکان: اروپا – ژانر کلاژ: اجتماعی / تاریخی/ فلسفی)
اسم مارکسی آدم را یاد مارکسیسم و شوروی سابق می اندازد ولی برمن مارکس دیگری را به ما نشان می دهد که تندباد مدرنیته را قبل از سایر جامعه شناسان و فیلسوفان به دقت رصد کرده و برای ما از خیال دود شدن و هوا رفتن ، خودتخریبی ابداعی، برهنگی و عریانی، دگردیسی ارزش ها و از دست رفتن هاله تقدس می گوید. جالبی کار برمن در چیدن این قطعه کنار قطعه های دیگر مثل از دست رفتن هاله تقدس به روایت بودلر و همچنین نقد و تمجید همزمان از سرمایه داری در بخش فاوست گوته است.
3- بودلر مدرنیسم در خیابان (زمان: قرن 19 – مکان: پاریس – ژانر کلاژ: معماری / شهرسازی / شعر)
شاید برای مایی که شاعرانمان بیشتر در ده و کوچه باغ جا مانده اند رابطه بین شهر و شعر چندان ملموس نباشد اما برمن در این فصل هنرمندانه این رابطه بین بلوارهای هوسمانی پاریس و شعر بودلر را نشان می دهد. شعر گل و لای خیابان که در آن شاعری هاله تقدس اش زمین می افتد در عین طنز پرمایه و برنده رگه ی نابی از واقعیت دارد و ما را یاد رییس جمهور پیشینمان می اندازد که هاله اش را از گم کرد. دو پاراگراف جالب از این فصل را عینن نقل می کنم:
او (نقاش زندگی مدرن) از کالسکه های زیبا و اسبان مغرور به وجد می آید، از آراستگی خیره کننده نوکرها، جلدی و چابکی پادوها، گام های خرامان و پیچان زنان، و زیبایی کودکان که از زنده بودن و آراستگی جامه ی خویش خوشحالند. در یک کلام او از کل زندگی به وجد می آید. اگر مد یا برش لباسی خاص اندکی دستکاری شده باشد، اگر نوار پروانه ای یا فردار جای خود را به گل نوار داده باشد، اگر اندازه باوله ها بزرگ شده باشد و شینیونها اندکی به سمت پس گردن پایین آمده باشد، اگر کمر لباس ها بالاتر رفته و دامنها افشانتر شده باشند، مطمئن باشید از چشمان عقاب گونه ی او پنهان نخواهد ماند.
برای خلق تصاویر حماسی هیچ کمبودی به لحاظ مضامین با رنگ ها وجود ندارد. آن نقاش حقیقی که ما در جستجوی او هستیم، کسی است که بتواند از دل زندگی امروزی خصلت حماسی آن را بیرون کشد و این حس را در ما برانگیزد که ما (آدمیان مدرن) با کروات ها و چکمه های چرمی مان چقدر باشکوه و شاعرانه ایم. باشد که سال ها بعد جویندگان حقیقی هنر وجد و شعف فوق العاده نهفته در ستایش از ظهور امر نو را برایمان به ارمغان آورند.
4- پترزبورگ مدرنیسم توسعه نیافتگی (زمان: قرن های 19 و 20مکان : پترزبورگ – ژانر کلاژ: تاریخ / جامعه شناسی / سیاسی / رمان / شعر و معماری )
این فصل بی نظیر که نصف حجم کتاب را در بر دارد بی اندازه به تاریخ و نوار شکست ها و برخاستن های تاریخی ما از مشروطه تا کنون نزدیک است. یادم است وقتی پارسال برای پنجمین بار این کتاب را می خواندم و با دوستان راجع به اش گپ می زدیم، پیشنهاد دادم به طور تطبیقی تاریخ معاصر ایران را هم بخوانیم که به طرز شگفت انگیزی با نظریات مطرح شده در این فصل جور در می آمد. برای از بین نرفتن شیرینی این بخش توضیح بیشتری نمی دهم فقط آنکه آنچه از ادبیات روسیه از پوشکین و گوگول و داستایوفسکی و بایلی در عرض این 150 صفحه خواندم قابل مقایسه با هزاران مراجع مشابه از کار خوب خشایار دیهیمی تا صحبت های آتش بر آب نبود علاوه بر آنکه فرم کلاژگونه کتاب در این فصل درخشان است و تمام تکه های ظاهرن بی ربط با نخی نامرئی به هم وصل می شوند.
نمونه ای از شرح گوگول از بلوار نوسکی که قابل مقایسه و تطبیق با بلوارهای هوسمانی فصل بودلر است:
در اینجا می توان سبیل های شگفت آوری یافت که قلموی هیچ نقاشی قادر به توصیف و تصورشان نیست. سبیل هایی که بهترین سال های عمر یک انسان وقف پرورش آن شده است، آن هم به لطف روزها و شب ها مراقبت و پاسداری طولانی... در اینجا می توان هزاران گونه ی مختلف از کلاه ها ، دامن ها ، و دستمال های ظریف زنانه ی خوشرنگ و کوچک یافت که گهگاه برای دو روز کامل محبوب صاحبان خویش باقی می مانند. چنان می نماید که گویی دریایی از پروانه ها ناگهان از صدها شاخه ی گل به هوا برخواسته است و همچون ابری تابناک بر فراز سر سوسک های سیاه جنس مذکر موج می زند. در اینجا کمرهایی یافت می شود که انسان حتی به خواب هم ندیده است. کمرهایی چنان نازک که آدمی با مشاهده ی آنها دچار ترس و لرز می شود که مبادا تنفس غیرمحتاطانه اش آسیبی به این ظریف ترین اثر طبیعت و هنر برساند. و چه بگویم درباره آسیتین های زنانه ای که در بلوار نوسکی یافت می شود! آستین هایی پف کرده نظیر دو بالون، که اگر آقای متشخصی صاحب آنها را محکم نگیرد، چه بسا که خانمی ناگهان به هوا بلند شود.در اینجا می توان لبخندهای منحصر به فردی یافت که محصول والاترین نوع هنراند.
احتمالن اگر جناب گوگول پایش به میدان تجریش یا هفت حوض و خیابان ولیعصر می رسید و آنچه دیده بود را با سبک سورئال خود شرح می داد ما صاحب ادبیات غنی تر و زنده تری می شدیم.
5- در جنگل نمادها: نکاتی پیرامون مدرنیسم در نیویورک (زمان: قرن ��یستم – مکان نیویورک – ژانر کلاژ: شهرشناسی/ ادبیات / نقاشی / مجسمه سازی/ سیاسی / اجتمعای / فرهنگی / تاریخی)
وقتی برمن روسیه نرفته این قدر خوب از قرن 19 آن شهر می گفت واضح است از جایی دنیا آمده و زندگی کرده هم بسیار شایسته برای ما روایت خواهد کرد از شهردار رابرت موزز و معمارانی نظیر لوکوربوزیه و جیمز مریل تا گینزبرگ که زوزه می کشد: کدام هیولای سیمان و آلومینیوم جمجمه هایشان را شکافت و مغز و تخیل شان را خورده ؟ ... ملوک که بناهایش حکم نهایی اند ...
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