Dean, always a peculiar author, has here decided to take on the most high-concept philosophical conceit one could apply to human characters and then make it into a YA genre fantasy marketed to the post Harry Potter market. I gave it four stars for daring, and for managing to create a readable narrative out these workings, but be warned that reading it can feel like trying to pass a watermelon between one's ears.
The Dubious Hills are a place enchanted, generations ago, so that its post-pubescent inhabitants have one specific sphere of knowledge each and doubt everything else*. They therefore each know some things to be certain with an instinctive certainty, but most knowledge, including such basics as whether they themselves are in pain, has to be taken on trust from the inhabitant with that specific Knowledge. They can be told facts by the inhabitant who does Know, and remember them; while they are apparently able to reason by induction or deduction, they will only accept as certain what is based on magically Known information. Through such psychological manipulation wizards tried to create a society with such mutual dependence, such psychological inaccessibility to ideology or fanaticism or self-righteousness, that war and violence would be impossible**.
The main character, Arry, is a fourteen year old whose parents have disappeared, leaving her to care for her two young siblings. In the communistic society of the Dubious Hills, magically engineered to erase conflict and violence, all material goods are apparently held in common, and a lot of the story takes place during Arry's trudges over the hills delivering her own produce and assistance and receiving food and supplies from other crofters. Arry and her sibling might be physically provided for, but their (dwindling?) society has no one who can meet their emotional needs. Arry is the only one in the Hills who can feel pain; she feels everyone's pain in fact, possibly the worst magical skill ever. Her task is to tell the inhabitants of the Hills whether they are hurting, and how to avoid damaging themselves. Being newly come into her Knowledge she is only still developing an understanding of the emotional aspects of pain, and much of the book is about her growing understanding that the distress she senses in herself, her siblings and others, is real.
It's possible that the Knowledges are simple categories such as "plants", "weather" and so on. This is how the characters in the book describe them, inasmuch as they ever do. However, all the characters we actually meet appear to have a branch of knowledge that corresponds with an epistemology, a way of learning information rather than just a collection of facts on a certain topic. The Knowledges we actually see used include book learning(Sune), repairing things (Oonan), psychological insight (Winn) and teaching others (Halvar). Arry's domain is Pain, which can be read as a metaphor for learning through bitter experience, and learning through bitter experience is in fact an apt description of what happens to poor Arry throughout the novel. Otherwise we have Niss, whose Knowledge is Magic, which in this world seems to correspond to poetic insight and Tiln, who knows what is beautiful and what is ugly (Aesthetics). The exception to this is Derry whose Knowledge appears to be "animals", but then again, might represent something like taxonomy or categorisation***.
We are not told, and it must be deliberately, whether ethics is a sphere of Knowledge. Certainly none of the characters ever speak in moral terms, and Arry, whose mental POV is the only one we have, casts moral judgements in terms of what is hurtful. Whether the characters are actually aware of good and evil is in many ways the crux of the plot. This is the story of the Fall retold; although it is left to our own judgement to decide whether understanding is worth the loss of innocence and certainty, we are shown that it comes at a high price and an unfair one considering that until the choice is made the chooser cannot understand their own decision.
One of the amazing things about this book is how all this philosophising, all the brain-bending attempts to write as a person who thinks about as differently from the norm as a person can while still being human, all the weightly implications of the plot, is woven into a story where everyday life is constantly going on. Arry looks after the children, bizarre, articulate terrifying wizard children, but still children who throw tantrums and hit each other. Arry cleans the house. Arry collects food. Arry tends animals. Arry tries to get her siblings to do housework. Arry has to cope with everything in the plot alongside the inescapable drudgery of everyday life. There is mud and undone chores, and finding she has run out of anything easy to cook, and not knowing how everything will get done. I wish I saw this more in normal genre fiction.
I am not sure this works as a YA novel. It's very confusing, and it took trying to write this review for me to get a better sense of what was going on (my Knowledge?). A lot of the most impressive world building is so subtle there is no way I would have noticed it when I was a teenager. The children, as a product of their society, are creepily unchildlike in our own. The underlying story is a lot more substantial than many ostensibly more gruesome grimdark fantasy for teens, and I think I would have found it very upsetting without quite being able to understand why. Still, I am glad something so challenging and experimental was written. I'm sure I'll be thinking about this novel, trying to figure out exactly what I think, for a long time.
*The children doubt everything, but are all super powerful wizards until the age of five to make up for it. These toddler wizards also do most of the essential work, such as harvesting crops and lighting fires. Somehow everyone is still alive.
**One of the interesting passages in the book is Arry being asked to consider why, given the wizards succeeded in their stated aims, they never expanded the spell and decided against applying it to themselves.
***I say this because way she shares her knowledge (and they all share information in ways specific to their Knowledge) is to rattle off something like an encyclopedia entry.