A THEOLOGIAN RAISES QUESTIONS ABOUT MORE THAN JUST “SUFFERING”
Christopher J. H. Wright taught in India for five years, then at a missionary training school in England; he is now the international director of the Langham Partnership International.
He wrote in the Preface to this 2008 book, “This is a more personal kind of book than most I have written, since my own struggles are apparent at times. I was going to say that this is not a book of theology, but that would be wrong. It is not a book of systematic theological construction. But it is a book that tries to bring biblical teaching, personal faith, pressing questions, and life experience together---and that ought to be what theology does. My hope is that it does so with a healthy balance of honesty (where I don’t understand) and clarity (where I think there are things we can and should understand) of biblical truth and Christian humility.”
In the Introduction, he recalls how at dinner one night, he told a friend, “it seems to me that the older I get the less I really understand God. Which is not to say that I don’t love and trust him. On the contrary, as life goes on, my love and trust go deeper, but my struggle with what God does or allows grows deeper too.” He continues, “This train of thought began, then, with the problem of suffering… But that conversation led me to reflect that there are several other ways in which, if I’m honest, I don’t understand God. None of these causes me to doubt God’s existence or to fall into unbelief or rebellion. None of them threatens the deep, lifelong love for the Lord and his Word that has shaped my life since my childhood. But I am aware that for many people, these problems can be a real stumbling block.” (Pg. 15-16)
He outlines, “There are things I don’t understand about God that leave me morally disturbed. Some of these are things that happen in the Bible itself, and especially in the Old Testament… There are things I don’t understand about God because they are so PUZZLING. Why did God say and do things in the Bible that have been so misunderstood in later generations?... There are things I don’t understand about God, but they flood me with GRATITUDE because I couldn’t live without the reality of their truth, accepted by faith… There are things I don’t understand about God, but they fill me with HOPE in the midst of the depressing destruction of the earth and its inhabitants… These, then, are some of the things that I found I did not really understand about God---not all of the same kind, nor all of the same emotional of spiritual burdensomeness… I will try to show why some kinds of answers that are given to the troubling questions are not really helpful at all.” (Pg. 18-19)
About the devil, he explains, “I feel the need to make a qualified ‘yes and no’ answer. Yes, I believe in the existence of the devil as an objective, intelligent and ‘quasi-personal’ power, utterly opposed to God, creation, ourselves, and life itself. But no, I do not ‘believe IN the devil’ in any way that would concede to him power and authority beyond the limits God has set. The Bible calls us not so much to believe in the devil as to believe AGAINST the devil. We are to put all our faith in God through Christ and to exercise that faith against all that the devil is and does---whatever he may be.” (Pg. 38)
He suggests, “God… for reasons known only to himself, knows that we finite human beings cannot, indeed MUST NOT, ‘make sense’ of evil. For the final truth is that evil does NOT make sense. ‘Sense’ is part of our rationality that in itself is part of God’s good creation and God’s image in us. So evil can have no sense, since sense itself is a good thing. Evil has no proper place within creation… It cannot and must not be integrated into the universe as a rational, legitimated, justified part of reality. Evil is not there to be understood, but to be resisted and ultimately expelled…. God has withheld its secrets from his own revelation and our research.” (Pg. 42)
He argues, “There are those who believe that natural disasters like the tsunami are all part of God’s curse on the earth as a result of the fall… We brought God’s curse on the earth by our sin, and this is part of the result. I personally find this improbable… Genesis 3:17 says that God cursed the ‘ground’ because of human sin… The word… most often refers to the ground or soil… rather than the created planet…. So God’s words seem most naturally to describe the struggle that humans will have to wrench their bread from the earth in toil and sweat… So I am inclined to view the curse on the earth as FUNCTIONAL. That is, it consists in the breakdown in the relationship between humanity and the soil, in our lives as workers. Human life on earth stands under God’s curse in all that affects our engagement with the earth itself.” (Pg. 46)
He suggests, “If we place the conquest of Canaan within the framework of punishment for wrongdoing, as the Bible clearly does, it makes a categorical difference to the nature of the violence inflicted. It does not make it less violent. Nor does it suddenly become ‘nice’ or ‘OK.’ But it does make a difference. The punishment on a wicked society, using Israel as the human agent, must be taken seriously by those who wish to take the Bible’s own testimony seriously…. Punishment changes the moral context of violence.” (Pg. 93)
He asserts, “people have built whole timetables, theologies, and complicated schemes of interpreting the rest of the Bible upon their understanding of a phrase [‘thousand years’] that comes just six times in its final book… Now this is not the place to solve these disputes… My point is simply that we need to avoid getting sidetracked into a whole jungle of arcane interpretations, build on shaky assumptions about a term that occurs in one single short passage and nowhere else in the Bible… the millennium probably is not such a central part of what we need to focus on when thinking about the end of the world as some people make it out to be.” (Pg. 164)
He argues, “no single land or city on earth has a special or holly significance for Christians. The centre of our faith is not a place but a person... Some ‘end times’ scenarios … affect powerful political agendas… They give a privileged place in God’s alleged final agenda for world history to the modern state of Israel on the basis of some questionable interpretations of Scripture… For some Christians, the modern Israeli state is excused from any moral or international accountability because it is ‘fulfilling prophecy.’ Such an attitude of blind ‘support for Israel’ stands in jarring contrast to the words of most of the actual biblical prophets themselves, and even of Jesus.” (Pg. 169-170)
He concludes, “nobody will be condemned for what they did NOT know or could NOT do. Rather, we will be judged by how we responded to the light we received… We will be judged by what we DID or DID NOT Do, in response to what we DID know… the day of judgment is a day for God’s verdict based on evidence, not a day for hearing faith claims. So what will be the EVIDENCE of my faith? Not just that I SAY I had faith, but that my life has shown it… I will be judged on the evidence (my works), and they will show publicly and beyond doubt whether or not my life has been built on trust in Christ (my faith).” (Pg. 189-190)
Some of Wright’s views may “turn off” some Christians; but in the main, this book will be of considerable interest to those wrestling with such difficult questions.