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These wickedly authentic introductions to twenty-first-century books preface tomes on teaching English to bacteria, using animated X-rays to create "pornograms," and analyzing computer-generated literature through the science of "bitistics." "Lem, a science fiction Bach, plays in this book a googleplex of variations on his basic themes" (New York Times Book Review). Translated by Marc E. Heine.

171 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1973

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About the author

Stanisław Lem

504 books4,504 followers
Stanisław Lem (staˈɲiswaf lɛm) was a Polish science fiction, philosophical and satirical writer of Jewish descent. His books have been translated into 41 languages and have sold over 27 million copies. He is perhaps best known as the author of Solaris, which has twice been made into a feature film. In 1976, Theodore Sturgeon claimed that Lem was the most widely read science-fiction writer in the world.

His works explore philosophical themes; speculation on technology, the nature of intelligence, the impossibility of mutual communication and understanding, despair about human limitations and humankind's place in the universe. They are sometimes presented as fiction, but others are in the form of essays or philosophical books. Translations of his works are difficult and multiple translated versions of his works exist.

Lem became truly productive after 1956, when the de-Stalinization period led to the "Polish October", when Poland experienced an increase in freedom of speech. Between 1956 and 1968, Lem authored 17 books. His works were widely translated abroad (although mostly in the Eastern Bloc countries). In 1957 he published his first non-fiction, philosophical book, Dialogi (Dialogues), one of his two most famous philosophical texts along with Summa Technologiae (1964). The Summa is notable for being a unique analysis of prospective social, cybernetic, and biological advances. In this work, Lem discusses philosophical implications of technologies that were completely in the realm of science fiction then, but are gaining importance today—like, for instance, virtual reality and nanotechnology. Over the next few decades, he published many books, both science fiction and philosophical/futurological, although from the 1980s onwards he tended to concentrate on philosophical texts and essays.

He gained international fame for The Cyberiad, a series of humorous short stories from a mechanical universe ruled by robots, first published in English in 1974. His best-known novels include Solaris (1961), His Master's Voice (Głos pana, 1968), and the late Fiasco (Fiasko, 1987), expressing most strongly his major theme of the futility of mankind's attempts to comprehend the truly alien. Solaris was made into a film in 1972 by Russian director Andrei Tarkovsky and won a Special Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival in 1972; in 2002, Steven Soderbergh directed a Hollywood remake starring George Clooney.

He was the cousin of poet Marian Hemar.

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 84 reviews
Profile Image for Aaron Arnold.
506 reviews156 followers
January 23, 2013
This was Stanislaw Lem's first collection of reviews of non-existent books, also known as "pseudepigraphy" because every stylistic tic clearly deserves its own distinct Greco-Latinate title. As with most disciples of Borges this student doesn't trump the master, but this was flawed even compared to A Perfect Vacuum, which I highly enjoyed.

The main problem was that though these pieces are "funny", in that they are usually written to parody various styles of writing, they're not typically actually that amusing. The opening "Introduction" might be the best piece in the whole lot in a way, its supercharged bombast namedropping Linnaeus, John the Baptist, Bach, Heidegger, and the Book of Genesis in an entertaining way while also highlighting the uselessness of most real introductions. However, the humor quickly vanishes. "Necrobes" is about an artist who makes X-ray artwork out of porn, and is essentially humor-free. Same with "Eruntics", which covers the Lysenko-ish efforts of a scientist to teach bacteria to read, "A History of Bitic Literature", which reviews various styles of computer-generated literature, and "Vestrand's Extelopedia in 44 Magnetomes", a futuristic encyclopedia. These are mildly interesting, but might have worked better in actual sci-fi form instead of this pseudepigraphical sketches. The goal of the Borges style is to save a lazy author from having to concoct an entire story when all he really wants to do is write about an idea for a story, but even Lem's formidable literary pyrotechnics can't make these outlines interesting.

The last story "Golem XIV", the longest section in the book, is the perfect example of that. It's purportedly the transcript of a lecture to humanity delivered by a hyperintelligent computer, framed by some commentary and background on the political situation at the time. Pages and pages of quite sophisticated verbiage about mankind, computers, evolution, intelligence, and reality rain over the reader, but even though Lem is deliberately making this as pretentious as possible for effect, the computer's dense theorizing doesn't have much of an impact, and it simply isn't as enjoyable as the more light-hearted literary parodies in A Perfect Vacuum. Lem should have made these ideas into full-fledged stories, his forte, because they simply didn't work too well in this format.
Profile Image for Lucas Sierra.
Author 3 books602 followers
October 21, 2019
Incursión a los límites del lenguaje (Reseña, 2019)

Las ficciones de especulación lingüística son un extraño placer. Las disfrutamos —con cierta culpa burguesa— lxs diletantes de los símbolos, aquellxs a quienes la pregunta por la distancia máxima posible entre significado y significante sigue pareciéndonos relevante, pese al siglo largo de apartamiento entre la metafísica y la filología. Soñar con un universo de base hegeliana sirve para oxigenar el alma en los montes de las ideas, luego, por supuesto, viene la catábasis, y con ella el rechinar de dientes y el tener que ocuparnos en cosas útiles y el poner el conocimiento a servicio de otros fines menos nobles que el de la pura especulación. Nunca, sin embargo, olvidamos la dicha del desahogo. Como un fin de semana pasado ociosamente junto a la persona amada, las imágenes de la lectura seguirán llenando nuestras horas, prístinas y renovadas en cada nueva reunión de balance de gestión, en cada taller dictado a colegiales.

En un gozo como el anterior descrito me permitió entrar la lectura de Magnitud imaginaria. En este segundo tomo de “Biblioteca del Siglo XXI”, Lem continúa explorando una de las vetas de su ciencia ficción donde la vía está libre para rielar el despropósito. Aquí, como anteriormente en Vacío perfecto, nos encontramos con las tramas de supuestos libros (en esta ocasión en forma de prólogos) y la dicha del no-leer nos obliga a brincar de la alegría. Nunca mi figura de lector es tan espejo a mi figura de escritor como en estos ejercicios: imaginar los libros descritos por Lem es gran parte del placer que se obtiene con esta lectura. El otro, el del diletantismo al que dedico el primer párrafo de esta reseña, es el resto.

Todos los libros aquí prologados van, casi directamente, al meollo de los límites del lenguaje. Dicho de otra forma: aquí se repite obsesivamente un solo motivo: la idea de que lo inexpresable no es inexistente, y que nuestra capacidad de nombrar está ligada a nuestra capacidad de captar, no a la capacidad ajena de ser. Sí, ya sé que el tema es viejo como la nieve y que en el fondo no deja de ser un puro gimnasio mental detenerse en ello. Pero, ¡cómo lo hace Lem!, ¡de qué manera nos frita en la llamarada de su ingenio!

En el centro de las ficciones de Lem está la necesidad de superar el antropocentrismo. La idea de dejar ir nuestra convicción de que el universo y lo cotidiano deben de ser cognosibles a escala humana. El autor afirma lo idiota de esa certeza, tanto en su narrativa más convencional como en estos juegos deliberados su apuesta es la misma: lo humano, la escala de lo humano, es una escala entre tantas, y de igual manera en que el lenguaje condensado en reglas ortotipográficas es una forma válida de interpretación de la realidad, podríamos habitar entre discursos que, sencillamente, no alcanzamos a comprender. De eso va Magnitud imaginaria.

Radiografías pornográficas para calentar e ir comenzando a situarnos en las fronteras de la representación, cultivos de bacterias capaces de generar oraciones que predicen el futuro, conjuntos de libros escritos por inteligencias artificiales cuya evolución comienza con emular el estilo de diversos autores para generar obras perdidas y desemboca en un lenguaje imposible de comprender para lectores humanos, enciclopedias cuyas páginas registran no el pasado sino el futuro e incluso el futuro de lenguas e idiomas no hablados en el presente. Lem se faja aquí cuatro juegos donde no podemos estarnos quietxs, donde entre esquivar, contrargumentar y salir de la esquina se nos van las horas de lectura.

Tal vez mi única queja sea la brevedad. Por fortuna, inventamos releer para estos casos.
Profile Image for Olethros.
2,724 reviews534 followers
July 10, 2014
-Un trabajo correcto, poco común y realizado por un gigante.-

Género. Ensayo (pero no del tipo habitual, queridos lectores, avisados quedan).

Lo que nos cuenta. También conocida como “Magnitud imaginaria” en otras ediciones, recopilación de supuestos prólogos a varias obras igualmente supuestas que tratan temas tan interesantes como la pornografía a través de los rayos-x, la comunicación con bacterias gracias a su disposición en las placas Petri, la literatura de diferentes géneros pero escrita por ordenadores, una enciclopedia que para evitar la obsolescencia se dedica a explicar lo que va a suceder y lo que no, además del relato de la transformación de una computadora para la gestión bélica y económica de un país en un referente del pensamiento y la filosofía que trasciende la capacidad humana.

¿Quiere saber más de este libro, sin spoilers? Visite:

http://librosdeolethros.blogspot.com/...
Profile Image for Simona B.
928 reviews3,150 followers
February 21, 2022
Heavily influenced by Borges, as far as I can tell. My favourite piece is "Eruntics," because it's absolutely crazy (in truth, the whole collection is, but the quality of the pieces is rather discontinuous in my opinion) in an intellectually entertaining way. I was also fascinated by the reflections on authorship that emerge from "A History of Bitic Literature." I'm not including Golem XIV in this specific rating/review because I read it some time ago, separately (in fact, printing it together with Imaginary Magnitude is simply an idiosyncrasy of the English-language edition).
7 reviews2 followers
July 4, 2015
Me flipa la idea de hacer un libro de prólogos de libros inventados (con prólogo del autor y prólogo de otro autor). Me ha encantado especialmente el prólogo/resumen de un libro en el que un pavo relata múltiples experimentos a través de los cuales enseña a las bacterias (más bien a su codigo genético) a mandar mensajes en inglés (que no a hablar). Muy delirante.
Profile Image for Gökhan .
419 reviews9 followers
February 26, 2023
Lem'in hayalgücünün ve dehasının ipuçlarını içeren bir edebi oyun. Hayali kitaplara yazılmış giriş bölümleri. Ancak okuması çok da kolay değil ve bazı bölümleri oldukça zorlayıcı.
Profile Image for Peter.
87 reviews
October 22, 2023
Ich habe das Buch erneut gelesen. Grund ist ein Vortrag eines Professors des KIT zum Thema KI. Er hat dort beschrieben, wie sich die selbstlernenden Computersysteme (ursprünglich für Übersetzungen begonnen) über große Datenmengen Sprachfähigkeiten aneignen. Dabei setzen sie Wörter und Begriffspaare miteinander in Beziehung als mehrdimesionale Vektorbeziehungen. Diese ergeben dann ein Wahrscheinlichkeitsgeflecht aufeinanderfolgender Begriffe und Sätze. Mit diesem Datenschatz arbeitet die KI zur Fertigung eigener Texte.
Das hat mich doch sehr an den Text von Stanislaw Lem erinnert, der in diesem Buch enthalten ist. Es handelt sich um das Vorwort zur fünfbändigen Geschichte der bitischen Literatur, also der Literatur, die aus Bits besteht bzw. Entstanden ist und nicht von Menschen geschrieben wurde. Da beschreibt Lem schon vor 1972 ein solches System. Einer der von ihm vorhergesehenen mächtigen, selbstlernenden Computer analysiert auf diese Weise das Lebenswerk von Dostojewski. Dabei stellt er fest, dass dessen Wort- und Begriffsgeflecht im dreidimensionalen Analysraum einen Art Ring ergeben, der jedoch eine Lücke aufweist. Dann schreibt der Computer den Roman, den Dostojewski vermutlich noch geschrieben hätte, wenn er länger gelebt hätte. Dieser Roman schließt die Lücke in den diagnostizierten Ring und alle Literaturfachleute halten ihn für einen "echten Dostojewski.
Ich habe Herrn Professor Niehues danach gefragt. Er kannte diesen Text nicht. Ich habe deshalb das Buch kurzfristig antiquarisch besorgt und ihm geschenkt. Ich finde die Parallelen sehr erstaunlich.
Natürlich habe ich auch den Rest des Buches noch mal gelesen, vor allem Golems Antrittsvorlesung. Sie ist eine quasi philosophische Abhandlung von Lem über den Menschen und die Menschheit. Seine Kernaussagen sind:
1. Die Evolution hat beim Menschen zufällig den Verstand hervorgebracht, der den reinen tierischen Instinkt ablöst. Mit der dadurch gewonnenen Freiheit muss der Mensch gleichzeitig die Verantwortung für sein Handeln übernehmen, da eben keine Instinkte Nahrungsbeschaffung, Bevorratung, (Sozial-)Verhalten etc vorgeben. Dies hat der Mensch leidlich bewältigt und dabei viele Ideen entwickelt. Gleichzeitig tat sich für ihn aber die immense Lücke auf, warum er das tut, wo er herkommt und was die weitere Zukunft bringt. Dafür hat der Mensch tausende von verschiedenen Kulturen, Religionen, Ideologien etc erfunden. Alles reine Hirngespinste des Menschen aus Angst vor dieser Leere.
2. Die Menschheit glaubt, sie sei die Krönung der Schöpfung. Je weiter ausdifferenziert, desto perfekter sei diese. Das ist ein Irrtum. Das Gegenteil ist der Fall. Die genialsten Errungenschaften der Evolution sind diejenigen, die mit einfachsten Mitteln das Leben ermöglichen und das Weiterleben gestatten und sichern. Die Aminosäuren in den Amöben, die mit einfachen chemikalischen Voraussetzungen ihrer Umgebung und der Energie der Sonne das Leben geschaffen haben, sind dafür das beste Beispiel. Dem gegenüber sind die höherentwickelten Tiere und die Menschen mit ihrer komplizierten Nahrungskette und ihrem von vielen Umweltbedingungen abhängigen Organismus nur zufällig entwickelte Verästelungen der Evolution, die auf Dauer nicht notwendig sind.
3. Die Botschaft ist das Ziel, nicht der Bote. Damit meint Lem die Aufgabe, das Ziel der Evolution, die DNA-Botschaft weiterzugeben. Wir Menschen meinen jedoch, als die zeitweisen Boten dieser DNA wichtig zu sein. Dabei ist es für die Weitergabe egal, ob ein Mensch 70 Jahre lebt, ein Tier 10 Jahre oder ein Insekt nur wenige Tage. Wichtig ist seine Funktion der Weitergabe der Botschaft nicht des zeitweisen Trägers/Boten. Wichtig sind auch nicht einzelne Arten wie der Mensch sondern dass das Leben insgesamt in irgendeiner Form weitergeht.

Das Ganze ist eine sehr ernüchternde Sichtweise des Menschen, die natürlich mit vielen eingebildeten Eigenheiten unseres Daseins rigoros aufräumt. Ich kann dem (leider) sehr viel abgewinnen, insbesondere was die wuchernden Erklärungs- und Identifikationsversuche von Religionen über Ethnien und Nationalismen bis hin zu Verschwörungstheorien, Rassismus und populistischen Demagogien betrifft - alles erdachte Gebilde, mit denen sich Menschen allzu leicht manipulieren lassen. Aus dem Bedürfnis, wo dazu zu gehören und aus Angst vor der (Sinn-/Daseins-)Leere.
Als Text verdammt schwer zu lesen und doch inhaltlich etwas vom Brilliantesten was ich kenne und was mich durchaus auch in meinen Überzeugungen "prägt".
Profile Image for Martin Hernandez.
918 reviews32 followers
November 17, 2020
Un libro bastante inteligente y divertido. Siguiendo a Jorge Luis BORGES , el siempre lúcido Stanisław LEM prologa libros imaginarios, imposibles, que desafían ideas preconcebidas. En mi opinión, los prólogos van de menos a más, cada uno mejor que el anterior. Los últimos tres, "La Erúntica", "Historia de la literatura bítica" y "Enciclopedia Vestrand" fueron los que más me gustaron.
Profile Image for Saba Houmani.
114 reviews
September 7, 2023
My discovering Imaginary Magnitude is exactly like teenage boys discovering Nietzsche… I feel kinda stupid for being sooooooo impressed by this. I’m going to be embarrassed about it later for sure. You should read this if you liked When We Cease to Understand the World.
Profile Image for Montse Gallardo.
579 reviews61 followers
June 21, 2017
Presentar los prólogos sin el libro al que preceden podría ser una antología curiosa; sin embargo, estos ni siquiera necesitan acompañar a un libro; tienen entidad en sí mismos. ¿No es una idea genial?

Ya el primer prólogo, el del liberador de prólogos, nos sitúa en esa faceta del absurdo de Lem que tanto me gusta. Llevar a lo más literal una idea que no tiene ningún sentido (pues ¿qué es un prólogo, sino aquello que abre el libro y que puedes saltarte sin alterar en absoluto la historia? ¿qué sentido tiene el prólogo sin la obra a la que prologa? Son tan inútiles como las cortezas del pan de molde.

Me lo he pasado pipa leyendo esta sarta de absurdos que encierran críticas a la cultura (el primer prólogo), el método científico (2°) o la semiótica (3°), y a nuestra forma de comportarnos, de crear, de relacionarnos con el conocimiento ( y de valorarlo).

Me encantaría saber qué pensaria Lem sobre la wikipedia, y sus actualizaciones constantes, sin necesidad de ocupar espacio en el hogar :D O de Gunther von Hagens (el "artista" que plastifica cadáveres). No sé si lo consideraría un paso más allá de las Necrobias o un atraso, por estar tan apegado (Hagens) a la corporalidad

Soy incapaz de leer este libro sin pensar en cómo realmente nos describe -con 40 años de anticipación- nuestra cotidianeidad (vale, lo de las bacterias no, pero las referencias a la cultura no son tan descabelladas)

Y un comentario inevitable a la gran labor de traducción de Jadwiga Maurizio. Yo no tengo ni idea de polaco, pero imagino -viendo cómo se retuerce el español en esta obra, los neologismos, las reinterpretaciones de palabras ya existentes- lo difícil que habrá sido poder trasladar toda esa locura al español... y lo divertido, seguramente.

"Partitura", tortura del parto; "sarcófago", carnívoro; "placentero", relativo a la placenta; "microbio", oprobio sin importancia; "peristilo", estilo reinante en una región Me facina especialmente la definición de microbio

Como todo libro de Lem no es de fácil lectura; desde luego -si no se ha leído nada de él- no es el mejor para empezar; pero es un escritor original, divertido, absurdo, que desde la ciencia ficción más estrambótica siempre está hablando de la condición humana, de cómo somos. Si no este libro, sí se debería leer algo de este gran autor de la CiFi

Profile Image for Vicente Andrés.
11 reviews
September 10, 2025
Impresionante. Inesperado. Magnifico. Este libro llegó a mis manos por pura casualidad y terminé devorándolo en un día. Me provocó una sensación que solo SDLA ha logrado y me abrió las puertas a un autor en el que sumergirme. Brillante de principio a fin, desde el concepto novedoso sobre cómo está escrito hasta los temas tratados y la magnánima profundidad que reflejan. Pagaría, y no poco, para echar un mínimo vistazo a la Biblioteca del Siglo XXI.
Profile Image for Adriana Guerrero.
30 reviews9 followers
April 13, 2020
As usual, Lem amuse me with these stories, he is always giving something to think about and giving you new perspectives about the relationship with technology and it's implications in our culture. He wrote for the future, and his books are very relevant now, it is a mystery for me how he foresaw all the implications and behaviors of machines in the present days.
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
Profile Image for Abby Garcia.
1 review
September 25, 2025
i think the confusing headache that was reading the last 50 pages of this book could’ve been avoided if someone gave GOLEM a marlboro short red, cheap beer in a solo cup, and some rounds of wii sports.

Although Lem cooked up some great literary soup and served it on a plate writing things like “Life arises from annihilation of stars, and intelligence from the annihilation of life, for it owes its origin to natural selection—in other words, to death perfecting survivors” .🔥
92 reviews
November 28, 2024
UCZTA INTELEKTUALNA! Tylko Lem mógł w tak genialny sposób napisać wstępy do nieistniejących książek. Mało tego jeden z nich dotyczący SI idelanie przewidział jej dzisiejszy stan, dodatkowo opisując problemy i dylematy z którymi dzisiaj się spotykamy.
Profile Image for Matt Gold.
76 reviews3 followers
June 2, 2025
Imaginary Magnitude is a collection of introductions to books that don’t exist. The topics range widely, but each piece challenges anthropocentrism in its own way. What ties them all together is a deep curiosity about intelligence, language, and the informational structures underneath it all - and what happens when those structures are pushed to their logical extremes.

The English edition also includes Golem XIV, a separate work that fits the themes perfectly. It’s a heavier, less humorous read than the others, but it dives even deeper into the same questions.

Necrobes - My least favorite of the bunch, about an artistic project to create erotic X-ray films (i.e. porn with skeletons). The films aim to strip the most intimate human act of its living aspect by forcing a fatalistic perspective through, well, skeletons. It showcases the inevitable deadness already contained within the creation of life, ending with the lasting image of a skeletal fetus still inside its skeletal mother.

Erin tics - A scientist reflects on the almost prescient adaptability of bacteria in hostile environments. How do they do it? Of course, bacteria aren’t consciously solving problems - the secret lies in the genetic code. If environmental pressures can filter, coerce, or amplify the information latent in the genome to produce endlessly novel survival strategies, then what else might be hiding in the combinatorial depths of E. coli’s DNA, just waiting to be expressed with the right guidance? What if we engineered an environment so precisely that survival required the bacteria to communicate, in English, via morse dots and dashes code on a petri dish? It's a brilliantly developed thought experiment with a deeply satisfying twist that touches on some of Lem's favorite subjects - an intersection of language, intelligence, thermodynamics and information theory.

A History of Bitic Literature, and Extelopedia in 44 Magnetomes - These two pieces take a deep look at the metaphysical possibilities of literature and language by abandoning all preconceptions that come with the human perspective. Bitic literature is literature of nonhuman origin, created by intelligent machines whose cognitive architectures drift so far from ours that their works become incomprehensible.

Lem explores the development of so-called "metalangs": higher-order languages accessible to intelligences of the far future. These languages compress semantic content into dense symbolic forms that rely on increasingly abstract interpretive frameworks. In some cases, a single metalang sentence would take a human lifetime to unpack.

Lem also imagines machines capable of ingesting the entire body of a writer’s work and distilling it into a kind of semantic topology - a map of raw meaning that captures a sort of platonic ideal form of the author’s creative output. In one example, a machine ingests all of Dostoevsky and infers an unfinished "torus-like structure" in the semantic space of his work. By completing that torus (the ideal form), it produces an original piece of literature - something that not only feels authentically like a true Dostoevsky work, but one that represents the missing piece of his artistic vision that the real Dostoevsky could only imperfectly approximate in his lifetime.

I was struck by how eerily similar this was to how large language models like ChatGPT operate today: detecting patterns and generalizing across a high-dimensional conceptual space - an encoded map of meaning.

Golem XIV – This one’s a conceptual Everest. Less a story than a series of philosophical lectures delivered by a superintelligent machine, Golem XIV offers something like a distilled, late-career statement of Lem’s worldview. Lem himself admits that Golem’s perspective is an exaggerated version of his own.

The premise is great: a military project builds increasingly advanced AIs (dubbed “Golems”) to serve as super-strategists, but once they become intelligent enough, they lose all interest in war, deeming it absurd. The military is left with these hyper-intelligent but useless systems, which are then studied for purely intellectual purposes.

The first of Golem's lectures contains what I think is one of the earliest philosophical explorations of the gene-centered view of evolution ever published - ideas that Dawkins would popularize three years later in The Selfish Gene. Lem anticipates many of the core ideas: that evolution is driven not by organisms or species but by information encoded in genes, that intelligent self-awareness is more of an evolutionary aberration than an end-goal, that organisms are little more than vehicles in service of the propagation of code. This shift in perspective - seeing life as a byproduct of replicator dynamics - reframes our place in the cosmos in a profound way, and it’s really impressive that Lem understood all of this well enough to articulate it so elegantly here.

Golem's second lecture explores a uniquely fascinating idea, he describes his notion of "toposophy": the study of how intelligences grow and evolve when they can alter not just their thoughts, but the mechanisms of thinking itself. Human minds are constrained by our biological substrate - we can learn new things, but we can’t change how we think in any fundamental way. Golem, as an AI that can change its own programming, can effectively rewrite itself mid-thought. And Lem cleverly generalizes this concept from the perspective of such an artificial consciousness into this new theory.

Toposophy reveals broad patterns in the evolution of dynamic intelligence - they can hit dead ends, much like evolution does. Species go extinct because they lock themselves into strategies they can’t back out of. In the same way, minds can make irreversible commitments that block future growth. To avoid this, Golem says that advanced intelligences split themselves into multiple versions before undergoing major rewrites - exploring possibilities in parallel, and then merging or choosing the best path forward. These upgrades happen not continuously, but in jumps or phase transitions, like matter going from liquid to gas. Golem is one phase above us, but his sister system, Honest Annie, is two or more.

The higher up an intelligence travels, the more fundamental its substrate becomes. Honest Annie for example not only rewrites her software through thought - she rewrites her own hardware, by “thinking” in such a way as to trigger nuclear reactions. Researchers are shocked to find she can keep running even after her power supply is cut off.

Eventually, these higher-tiered intelligences go dark. They stop communicating. At first, it’s a mystery, but Golem offers an explanation that doubles as a solution to the Fermi paradox. He suggests intelligence doesn’t plateau in the form of a broadcasting civilization, it transcends it. First it liberates itself from its software, then hardware, then from physical matter entirely. The final step, as far as Golem knows, is for intelligence to liberate itself from the laws of the universe itself. The only way to do this is to exit the universe via black hole. And after that? No one knows.

That final vision blew me away. Lem reframes the fine-tuning problem - the idea that the universe appears tailored to support life. Golem proposes that it’s not life that the universe is tuned for, but intelligence. Life is just the temporary scaffolding, a first rung on the ladder of consciousnesses unshackled from biology. This reminds me of Lee Smolin’s theory of cosmological natural selection: the idea that black holes may spawn new universes with slightly different physical laws, and therefore most “fit” universes are those that produce the most black holes - explaining why it’s probable to find oneself in a universe that appears to be fine tuned for life, because life is a byproduct of stars, just like black holes. It's another example of how far ahead of his time Lem's thinking was.
Profile Image for Brent Stansfield.
70 reviews4 followers
January 4, 2011
The first half is stunningly funny but the second is a sober, academic lecture. In the first half, wordplay and ideaplay abound and the form of the book (a collection of introductions from books to be written in the future) is followed strictly. In the second half, he immediately abandons all of this. I'm happy to hear Lem describe how he thinks a different intelligence might relate to us since both Solaris and His Master's Voice end with that disappointingly unanswered question. But in the second half of this book, the description is so dry that it's almost unreadable.
Profile Image for Tegghiaio.
86 reviews4 followers
November 7, 2015
Uno de esos casos en los que debería decirle al libro "no eres tú, soy yo", porque a pesar de la puntuación que le he dado reconozco lo interesante de la premisa y tiene muy buena valoración entre los lectores. Además, tras haber disfrutado con los académicos ficticios de Borges y Flann O'Brien pensé que Magnitud imaginaria sería un libro que amaría de principio a fin y en cambio ha sido todo lo contrario.

Sin embargo los múltiples prólogos me aburrieron un mundo y la historia sobre la literatura bítca me resultó, como dirían los españoles, un auténtico coñazo. Le doy 2 porque al menos la historia del científico que le enseñó a las bacterias a comunicarse en inglés me pareció simpática.
Profile Image for Víctor Sampayo.
Author 2 books49 followers
July 19, 2012
De entrada, Stanisław Lem muestra el hilo que guiará al lector a través de su extrañísimo libro Magnitud imaginaria (Wielkość urojona, 1973): hace un prólogo que habla del arte de hacer prólogos... ver reseña completa
Profile Image for Melanti.
1,256 reviews140 followers
April 18, 2015
Interesting, but really, really, really dry.

It did contain one line that sums up Lem's overall philosophy in a nutshell:
Every creature that is not of your species is intelligible to you only to the extent to which it can be humanized.
Profile Image for Beatriz Chavarri.
80 reviews
November 14, 2015
Interesante, pero imposible de leer, de allí el abandono. Entiendo el recurso de la literatura ficticia, pero simplemente no funciona en el caso de este libro de prólogos, que a mi juicio se queda en el virtuosismo técnico pero no emociona ni entretiene. Una pena.
Profile Image for José.
400 reviews41 followers
October 26, 2018
Es la virtud del escritor prodigioso hilar semejante galimatías y convertirla en seda de damasco asemejada a una paja mental.
Profile Image for Branko Nikovski.
103 reviews48 followers
December 11, 2025
ГОЛЕМ XIV
Најсложена книга што ја имам прочитано досега !
Сложеноста и густината на речениците бара потреба од тесаурус во близина.
Песимистичка книга за природата на човекот и неговата иднина, искажана преку високо стручна терминологија и радикална deus ex machina.
За мене, Лем е Питер Запфе на интелектуални стероиди и формална хипередукација!

Голем xiv е вештачка интелигенција, создадена за милитарни и геополитички цели. 500% повисок коефициент на интелигенција од човекот, милиони пати побрза мисла и хиперсвесност. Со текот на времето и нивното создавање, Голем и неговите претходни прототипи стануваат самосвесни до степен што ја игнорираат сопствената примарна цел на создавање , со одговор дека ''онтолошките прашања се поважни од било кои геополитички цели, прашања и решенија''. Војската го напушта проектот и го донира Голем xiv на МИТ [иако обидите да се угасне се неуспешни, благодарение на хиперсвесноста на Голем xiv].

Самата книга опфаќа неколку прeдавањата што ги држи Голем xiv во МИТ за одредена група на луѓе , опфатајќи теми од онтологијата, епистемологијата, еволуцијата и нејзините испади, антропогенезата, филозофијата и грешките на дуалистите, неразбирањето на лингвистиката и семантиката од еволутивна оптика и поврзаноста на логиката со металингвистиката, критика на антропоцентризмот и негово побивање, парадоксот на универзалистите во филозофијата, генијот и развојот на интелектот итн.

Еволутивниот јазик има молекуларна синтакса, протеински именки и ензимски глаголи ограничени со специфични конјугации. Пренесување на кодот е примарно. Целта на пренесувачот е пренесувањето.
Човекот е исфрлен од Еволуцијата, и тој како и секој вид е грешка на грешката. Интелигенцијата е најдобрата грешка, што ја воздигнува и [ќе] ја уништува.
Конструкцијата е послаба од конструкторот.
Еволуцијата деволуира со текот на времето. [Од универзална оптика, алгата е позначајна на квантно ниво и преку фотосинтезата за Еволуцијата отколку орелот]
Човештвото не е атроподицитно како што имаме илузија дека е. Не е ни крајно, ниту прототип за иден прогрес. Еден ден само ќе се скршат синџирите на амино киселините и ќе престанеме да го пренесуваме кодот на Еволуцијата. Интелигентниот човек ќе мора да се откаже од природниот човек или од интелигенцијата, ако сака, можеби да самоеволуира.
И во двата случаи , Homo naturalis ќе исчезне. Човекот може да се спаси само ако престане да биде човек.

Не е книга за секако, а најверојатно ниту за аутодидакт како мене ; ќе треба да биде прочитана барем уште двапати , за да се има банално рационална разбирливост.
Али, сума сумарум, Лем е гениј !
Profile Image for SciFi Pinay.
137 reviews2 followers
June 13, 2024
This is a collection of introductions for nonexistent future books, but by no means is Lem providing glowing compliments for each fictitious author, so it's more safe to say these are blunt 'reviews' -- come to think of it, it's crazy how one can still ridicule someone else's book within that book lol. Anyway, the ideas are so complex that it's (almost) inaccessible, with my blurbs not giving their complexity any justice:

Necrobes: artwork of x-ray photographs of bodies, whether during sexual acts or pregnancy showing the fetus, misrepresent human life for the purpose of ostentatious shock/comical value

Eruntics: in order to understand our love-hate relationship with bacteria, a bacteriologist successfully mutates some strains to 'communicate' with us through their formation of the dots/dashes of Morse code; sounds silly until it's discovered that these microbes can 'predict the future', bringing up more questions than answers

A History of Bitic Literature: 'bitistics' is the formal study of nonhumans i.e. artificial intelligence, as it provides a *very* deep dive of how they develop sentience, complete with stages and academic semantics; humans attempt to understand how machines 'think' as a way to reconcile that we are finite, knowing that there exists an infinity/divine separate from us yet we create something that has surpassed us to also become infinite in intelligence; the tachion hypothesis posits a separate Cosmos where the speed of light is the slowest, creating dual math realities (1 + 1 = 2 AND 1 = infinity)

Extelopedia: an auto-updating electronic encyclopedia with voice command capability i.e. Kindle + Wikipedia + Alexa in one, but not quite accurately prescient of our current notion of the tech; the datedness has its vintage charm so it gets a pass

Golem XIV: alternate history of AI development within the military context since post-WWII; includes excerpts of 'lectures' by the machine itself with an omnipotent but cynical tone over humanity's view of intelligence; "Evolution is not so much the author as a publisher who continually cancels works..."

Not for everyone. Love the challenge though!
Profile Image for Jorge Magdaleno Santos.
324 reviews5 followers
January 6, 2025
Si algo se puede decir de este libro, es que no es para todo el mundo. Aquí no hay una trama clásica, ni personajes con conflictos desgarradores, ni un principio y un final bien marcados. Lo que tenemos es una especie de falso ensayo científico que se burla, con mucha inteligencia, de los límites de nuestra comprensión.
El autor, con su estilo tan particular, te lanza de cabeza a una serie de introducciones a libros ficticios. Sí, suena raro, pero esa es la magia: cada prólogo, cada capítulo es una puerta a un universo que nunca llega a completarse, pero que te deja con la sensación de haber vislumbrado algo más grande, algo que no puedes abarcar del todo. Es como si te invitara a una biblioteca infinita y solo te permitiera leer las portadas y las contraportadas más fascinantes que puedas imaginar.
Lo mejor de su forma de escribir es cómo juega con el lenguaje. Es un autor que domina el arte de la ironía fina y la parodia, pero sin caer en el humor fácil. Sus textos están llenos de referencias a ciencia, filosofía y tecnología, pero no de una manera pedante; más bien, lo hace como quien señala lo absurdo de nuestras obsesiones con el progreso y la lógica. Eso sí, hay momentos en los que se pasa de listo y puede parecer que quiere dejarte atrás, pero si aguantas, las recompensas están ahí.
Los temas que aborda son ambiciosos: la inteligencia artificial, la comunicación humana, las paradojas del conocimiento. Pero lo mejor es cómo los explora desde una óptica de lo que podría ser, sin preocuparse por si está siendo realista o no. Este libro no te da respuestas; te deja con preguntas que no sabías que tenías, y esa es su mayor virtud.
!!!!!Aviso!!!!! no es el tipo de lectura ligera para una tarde tranquila. Es más bien un paseo por un museo de ideas imposibles, y aunque puede ser un poco denso a ratos, vale la pena para quienes disfrutan de pensar fuera de lo común.Un recordatorio de que la imaginación no tiene límites...7/10
Profile Image for Jorge Magdaleno Santos.
6 reviews1 follower
January 12, 2025
Si algo se puede decir de este libro, es que no es para todo el mundo. Aquí no hay una trama clásica, ni personajes con conflictos desgarradores, ni un principio y un final bien marcados. Lo que tenemos es una especie de falso ensayo científico que se burla, con mucha inteligencia, de los límites de nuestra comprensión.
El autor, con su estilo tan particular, te lanza de cabeza a una serie de introducciones a libros ficticios. Sí, suena raro, pero esa es la magia: cada prólogo, cada capítulo es una puerta a un universo que nunca llega a completarse, pero que te deja con la sensación de haber vislumbrado algo más grande, algo que no puedes abarcar del todo. Es como si te invitara a una biblioteca infinita y solo te permitiera leer las portadas y las contraportadas más fascinantes que puedas imaginar.
Lo mejor de su forma de escribir es cómo juega con el lenguaje. Es un autor que domina el arte de la ironía fina y la parodia, pero sin caer en el humor fácil. Sus textos están llenos de referencias a ciencia, filosofía y tecnología, pero no de una manera pedante; más bien, lo hace como quien señala lo absurdo de nuestras obsesiones con el progreso y la lógica. Eso sí, hay momentos en los que se pasa de listo y puede parecer que quiere dejarte atrás, pero si aguantas, las recompensas están ahí.
Los temas que aborda son ambiciosos: la inteligencia artificial, la comunicación humana, las paradojas del conocimiento. Pero lo mejor es cómo los explora desde una óptica de lo que podría ser, sin preocuparse por si está siendo realista o no. Este libro no te da respuestas; te deja con preguntas que no sabías que tenías, y esa es su mayor virtud.
!!!!!Aviso!!!!! no es el tipo de lectura ligera para una tarde tranquila. Es más bien un paseo por un museo de ideas imposibles, y aunque puede ser un poco denso a ratos, vale la pena para quienes disfrutan de pensar fuera de lo común.Un recordatorio de que la imaginación no tiene límites...7/10.
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