Profiles in Courage

by John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Caroline Kennedy (Reader)

"This is a book about that most admirable of human virtues-- courage. 'Grace under pressure,' Ernest Hemingway defined it. And these are the stories of the pressures experienced by eight United States Senators and the grace with which they endured them."-- John F. Kennedy

During 1954-1955, John F. Kennedy, then a U.S. Senator, chose eight of his historical colleagues to profile for their acts of astounding integrity in the face of overwhelming opposition. These heroes include John Quincy Adams, Daniel Webster, Thomas Hart Benton, and Robert A. Taft.

Awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1957, Profiles in Courage -- now reissued in this handsome hardcover edition, featuring a new introduction by Caroline Kennedy, as well as Robert Kennedy's foreword written for the memorial edition of the volume in 1964 -- resounds with timeless lessons on the most cherished of virtues and is a powerful reminder of the strength of the human spirit. It is as Robert Kennedy states in the foreword, "not just stories of the past but a hook of hope and confidence for the future. What happens to the country, to the world, depends on what we do with what others have left us."

Genres: History, Nonfiction, Biography, Politics, Classics, American History, Presidents

4 pages, Audio Cassette

First published January 1, 1955

About the author

Librarian Note: There is more than one author in the Goodreads database with this name.

John Fitzgerald Kennedy, also known as JFK, was the 35th president of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. He was the youngest person elected president. Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his foreign policy concerned relations with the Soviet Union and Cuba. A Democrat, Kennedy represented Massachusetts in both houses of the United States Congress prior to his presidency.
Born into the prominent Kennedy family in Brookline, Massachusetts, Kennedy graduated from Harvard University in 1940, joining the U.S. Naval Reserve the following year. During World War II, he commanded PT boats in the Pacific theater. Kennedy's survival following the sinking of PT-109 and his rescue of his fellow sailors made him a war hero and earned the Navy and Marine Corps Medal, but left him with serious injuries. After a brief stint in journalism, Kennedy represented a working-class Boston district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1947 to 1953. He was subsequently elected to the U.S. Senate, serving as the junior senator for Massachusetts from 1953 to 1960. While in the Senate, Kennedy published his book, Profiles in Courage, which won a Pulitzer Prize. Kennedy ran in the 1960 presidential election. His campaign gained momentum after the first televised presidential debates in American history, and he was elected president, narrowly defeating Republican opponent Richard Nixon, the incumbent vice president.
Kennedy's presidency saw high tensions with communist states in the Cold War. He increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam, and the Strategic Hamlet Program began during his presidency. In 1961, he authorized attempts to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro in the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion and Operation Mongoose. In October 1962, U.S. spy planes discovered Soviet missile bases had been deployed in Cuba. The resulting period of tensions, termed the Cuban Missile Crisis, nearly resulted in nuclear war. In August 1961, after East German troops erected the Berlin Wall, Kennedy sent an army convoy to reassure West Berliners of U.S. support, and delivered one of his most famous speeches in West Berlin in June 1963. In 1963, Kennedy signed the first nuclear weapons treaty. He presided over the establishment of the Peace Corps, Alliance for Progress with Latin America, and the continuation of the Apollo program with the goal of landing a man on the Moon before 1970. He supported the civil rights movement but was only somewhat successful in passing his New Frontier domestic policies.
On November 22, 1963, Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas. His vice president, Lyndon B. Johnson, assumed the presidency. Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested for the assassination, but he was shot and killed by Jack Ruby two days later. The FBI and the Warren Commission both concluded Oswald had acted alone, but conspiracy theories about the assassination persist. After Kennedy's death, Congress enacted many of his proposals, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Revenue Act of 1964. Kennedy ranks highly in polls of U.S. presidents with historians and the general public. His personal life has been the focus of considerable sustained interest following public revelations in the 1970s of his chronic health ailments and extramarital affairs. Kennedy is the most recent U.S. president to have died in office.

Reviews

[Lyn · Rating 4 out of 5]

Modern American politics is so staggeringly and paralyzingly depressing that this book is refreshing to re-visit. It is important to be reminded that statesmanship, public service and sincere ideology are not just words in history books.

Written while John F. Kennedy was a senator himself, this testament of bravery and integrity is inspiring.

Partisan politics is to me repellant. However, one of the points made by Kennedy, represented and illustrated on virtually every page, is that American politics have always been ugly. There is no golden era that we can look back to upon which we can cast an idyllic thought. Cronyism, sectionalism, corruption and prioritization of special interests over the national good are unfortunately all more the rule than the exception. The exception, Kennedy describes, is when political leaders take a stand of conscience, often sacrificing political careers and comfortable positions of power to represent an ideal; a great idea that is too frequently politically unpopular.

Organized into brief essays on a particular senator and in a pivotal time and place, Kennedy sheds light on political leaders, many of whom have been forgotten by history, who took a stand and demonstrated courage and zeal for principle over more narrow minded and temporal concerns.

*Vituperative. I cannot pass this up. I have ran across this word a handful of times over the course of a long career of scholarship and recreational reading, yet this obscure word was written no fewer than a half dozen times by Kennedy in this Pulitzer winning book. Webster defines vituperative as “adjective vi·tu·per·a·tive \vī-ˈtü-p(ə-)rə-tiv, -pə-ˌrā-\ - uttering or given to censure : containing or characterized by verbal abuse”. A defining term that is no doubt well placed in a discourse on American politics.

For nay-saying, disenfranchised cynics like me and for the still hopeful, this is recommended reading; especially in today’s fractured political climate.

*** 2020 reread – I think this may be an annual re-read for me, always makes me feel hopeful that there are actually politicians who can be courageous and champion a great cause.

Written when John F. Kennedy was a freshman senator, he outlines the stories of eight senators in US history who stood for a cause, even when their stance meant going against party instructions or popular support.

There are many questions about the accuracy of some of the chapters, historians disagreeing on substantive claims, and also questions about how much of the Pulitzer Prize winning book was actually penned by Kennedy. All that aside, I always enjoy reading and plan to read again.

[Darwin8u · Rating 3 out of 5]

“A man does what he must — in spite of personal consequences, in spite of obstacles and dangers, and pressures — and that is the basis of all human morality.”
― John F. Kennedy, Profiles in Courage



It is now almost tradition that presidential candidates will publish a book prior to campaigning for the highest elected office. Profiles in Courage, however, was one of the earliest and most successful of these campaign books. While Kennedy largely wrote the beginning and the end of the book, the profiles of the senators profiled in this book were largely written by Ted Sorenson.

The book also won the Pulitzer Prize, but when viewed objectively is best seen as more hype than history. This doesn't mean the book isn't good and interesting. It certainly was brilliant in providing more light and more prestige on this young Senator from Massachusetts, but it is hard to also take the book completely serious as history. Perhaps, I'm too cynical. Perhaps, I'm too narrow, but it seems more contrived than commendable, more packaged than pleasurable, and more directed at increasing Kennedy's profile than increasing American courage.*

* This comes from a comment often attributed to Eleanor Roosevelt that she wished "Kennedy had a little less profile and more courage".

[Jay Schutt · Rating 4 out of 5]

"One man with courage is a majority." - President Andrew Jackson

This book is primarily about eight U.S. Senators, from John Quincy Adams (D/R) serving 1803-1808 to Robert A. Taft (R) serving 1939-1953.
Men who, with the risk of their own personal condemnation and defying the odds, would vote on or back issues with good conscience and conviction for what they thought was the betterment of our nation.
A nice political read without all of the drama of today.

[Ron · Rating 3 out of 5]

I read this shortly after JFK died. I attended high school in Arlington, Virginia during his presidency, and stood a few hundred yards from his grave site (along with thousands of others) when he was buried.

Profiles introduced me to the idea that people, even those in power, make choices. And their choices matter.

I didn't know then that it was ghost-written for him by one of his speech writers, but I was immediately aware that the book was written from "an angle", even though I didn't know what that angle was. It was my introduction to the intellectual basis of partisan politics. Prior to reading Profiles all my experience with politics had been names, labels and slogans.

So, in a manner of speaking, Profiles in Courage was a "coming of age" book for me. While others of my generation got sweating palms over The Catcher in the Rye, my spirit was pulled by Profiles and, believe it or not, The Lord of the Rings. Both describe making choices and that those choices mattering.

[Brina · Rating 5 out of 5]

Every summer I visit my parents and browse their bookshelves. Each summer I select a few books that I deem short enough to read during my time visiting them, but then I turn on my vacation switch and prioritize hours spent at the beach. I know many people can read at the beach, but I choose not to. It is my balm, staring at the water, occasionally foraying into the water when the air temperature is hot enough to my liking. I can’t exactly say that Lake Michigan is my North Star, but its serenity gives me strength for the upcoming school year ahead. Generally, the books I select off those shelves remain untouched; however, this year I spontaneously decided on two separate trips to the beach. My body craved it. That said, the book I have attempted to read for the last few years since I began my Pulitzer project came home with me. The intellectual reading that I cannot read at the beach can easily get done from the comfort of my couch. That is how I finally managed to read Profiles in Courage by President John F. Kennedy. My mother, or more likely my grandmother, paid thirty five cents for it at the time of the edition’s publication. Even though I knew I would be reading Camera Girl upon my return home, I would not allow Profiles in Courage to go unread for another year. Suffice it to say, the words contained in this short volume are worth well more than thirty five cents.

In 1952, then senator elect Kennedy became just the third democrat elected to the senate from the state of Massachusetts. At the time, his father and then steady date had eyes on the White House. All who had come into contact with Jack Kennedy marveled in his charisma and intellect, a perfect combination for a newly elected senator with eyes on a higher office. Both Jack and Jackie loved to read a wide range of topics from literature to history; he let it be known to her that one of his political heroes was Sam Houston. For his first birthday that they were together, Jackie gave Jack a copy of The Raven: The Life of Sam Houston by Marquis James, the 1932 Pulitzer winner in biography. While many would say that this celebrity romance was meant to be, the literary person that I am believe that their engagement had been cemented after this gift. The two shared a love for literature and the arts that is overlooked in many superficial accounts written about them despite the fine arts awards et al bearing Kennedy’s name. After his marriage and still during his first term in the senate, Kennedy opted for surgery in 1954 to repair an injury he sustained during his famous PT boat rescue. During the extra time he had during this convalescence period, Kennedy along with two of his former Harvard professors as well as Jackie began research on what would become Profiles in Courage. The theme: courage of former senators who went against sectional or party lines at the expense of their careers. Even with his eyes on the ultimate prize, Kennedy valued the men who preceded him in the senate and set about to honor them.

Profiles in Courage is a book in four parts, each of which presents a time and place where the story takes place. In another life Jack Kennedy could have been a history professor or writer. Many readers note that “this book only won the Pulitzer because he is the president,” but I beg to differ. For one, the first publication of this book occurred in 1957, before Kennedy got elected to a second term as senator. Spending extended time rehabbing from surgery, that second election was no sure thing. Second, the prose in certain sections of the text equals history written by more famous history writers like McCullough, who are known for their story telling skills. When I pick up a history book, I know from the first few pages if the book is going to be cut and dry or a scintillating story resembling the best fiction. Profiles in Courage lies somewhere in the middle, and, perhaps, Kennedy’s standing as a senator gave it an extra nudge that it probably didn’t need. I posed this question to two branch librarians who I trust, and our consensus opinion is that politicians of today write memoirs that are a laundry list of their lives. The reader does not come away with a better understanding of who the person is away from the halls of Washington. Kennedy states his opinion about what courage is and why it is important for a senator to demonstrate this character trait. He opines on this at crucial junctures in the nation’s history when senators were great orators, and mothers still dreamed of their sons growing up to serve their nation in politics. By the time Kennedy entered the senate, this era of the senator as superstar had long passed, but he lauds his predecessors just the same. Published just before his second election to the senate and that famed presidential run, readers came away knowing a tad more about Jack Kennedy as a person.

Profiles in Courage won the Pulitzer for biography, not for history, as it tells of eight senators who did what they believed was the correct choice for their nation at the time. They did so at all stages of their political careers, and the majority realized that these courageous choices would see the end to their time in politics. Kennedy includes his hero Sam Houston as the centerpiece, although it must have been difficult to select a keynote selection to the book. Many remember Sam Houston as the first governor of Texas after fighting at the Alamo, a patriot for statehood. Houston was first and foremost a Texan, but he was also an American citizen, and he alone in the Texas legislature voted against secession because he wanted to preserve a union that he valiantly fought for. His decision in hand, Houston’s time as governor of Texas had ended because the other politicians in the state believed in southern rights and chose to join the confederacy. Kennedy states Daniel Webster’s March 7, 1850 speech on the senator as crucial in preserving the union at that time. He cites the alliance between Webster, Henry Clay- the great orator, and John C. Calhoun as paramount in preventing war, although farseeing people at the time surmised the inevitable. The three, from distinct regions of the nation, served during an era when the senate rivaled the presidency as the premiere office in the land. The general public could enter the gallery to hear these speeches that today are equal only in the prose delivered by top authors; a different, high brow era, the courage of these celebrity senators attempted to hold the union together through compromise. They would keep their places in the senate at a great cost to them. Today, their joint decision in unity would have spelled the end to their time in office. I could continue to cite examples of courage by politicians in an attempt to preserve the integrity of this nation, but that is the crux of this book that did just that, what any quality biography should do. Politicians writing “memoirs” or “biographies” today would do well to take a page from Kennedy’s book and speak of character, rather than just stating the events in their lives that any learned person could easily discover. Writing of courage in this climate would be a courageous thing to do, and, by doing so, readers learned more about the man behind presidential candidate Kennedy.

During high school, Thirteen Days was required reading but not Profiles in Courage. In hindsight, Thirteen Days would be a more compelling book for teenagers, whereas even the most studious of students would probably gloss over the compelling words here. Now that I have finally read the book I usually select first from my parents’ book shelf, I will have to hone in on other volumes that more often than not go unread over the summer. One has to be in the correct mindset to both write and read. Then Senator Kennedy, as learned as he was, could not have written Profiles in Courage when undertaking his daily commitment as senator. It took convalescing from surgery to finally research and put his thoughts in order to write this award winning biography, albeit a slim one. Just as the Senator could not take time away from his job to write, I could not focus on his eloquent words while in my beach zone; however, in the day to day grind of daily life, his poignant nonfiction read like a story. Critics will debate whether this merited a Pulitzer or not for eternity because that is what critics are apt to do. I do believe that Profiles in Courage merited the award regardless of the writer’s station in life. The writing is that good, a facet of Kennedy’s life that got overlooked during his life constantly played out in the limelight.

5 stars

[Luís · Rating 5 out of 5]

Profiles of Courage

This book discusses Americans who have made their country's policy their national banner. Men of courage bravely defended America as a world power, in human terms, with a terrible abnegation. J. F. K. makes here, in this vital work, an essential public service to modern literature. Illustrious figures from Kennedy's presidential campaign, such as John McCain, are mentioned. He faced periods of racial segregation and economic turmoil. Finally, a book for young Americans (but not only) today remembers their ancestors with some nostalgia, and also teaches the politicians of our day to learn from the mistakes they commit each day.

[John Blumenthal · Rating 5 out of 5]

When I first read it as an impressionable teen, “Profiles In Courage" was an uplifting book, a well-researched, well-written history of 8 Americans of varying political affiliations who demonstrated astounding integrity in their day. But given today's preponderance of craven lockstep loyalty in DC, anybody reading it now might consider it fantasy fiction.

I’d write a book called “Profiles in Cowardliness” myself, but who wants to read a 10,000 page book?

JFK must be spinning so forcefully in his grave, by now he has probably roto-rootered himself from Arlington National Cemetery to Los Angeles.

[Patrick · Rating 2 out of 5]

This is a deeply problematic book, and the fact that it is so widely lauded as a classic by many very intelligent people is a sign that our political ideals are based more on the idea of winning some game than of producing the best outcome for our country. Although it's not entirely untrue that some of the senators Kennedy profiled did show enormous courage, this is not necessarily a good thing in and of itself. Indeed, a number of the senators in this book have explicitly negative legacies. The most egregious is Lucius Lamar, who Kennedy praises for giving a nice speech for his political enemy Charles Sumner (who has much more right to be praised than Lamar does) and for going against the Southern tradition of a senator's vote being dictated by the state legislature, on the issue of free silver. What Kennedy does not mention is Lamar's central role in the fight against abolition and reconstruction in Mississippi -- in fact, Lamar was responsible for the infamous "Mississippi Plan," in which black voters were massacred, terrorized, and kept from the polls to ensure a Democratic victory in the 1875 elections. Whether or not the person responsible for such an egregious violation of democracy (Lamar wrote of the "blackest tyranny" of the "brute masses") was a good orator is beside the point -- it is impossible for a learned observer to call such a person courageous.

Of course Kennedy can be somewhat forgiven on this front, because he didn't write the book himself. Instead he gave the task to his speechwriter Thomas Sorenson, who is clearly not invested in the book. The writing is melodramatic and childish, and the sourcing incredibly sloppy (at least for the Lamar chapter, which again is the one I am the most familiar with). I doubt that either Kennedy or Sorenson even knew of Lamar's role in the Mississippi Plan. Nevertheless, we do get some idea of Kennedy's own beliefs filtered through Sorenson -- particularly his fascination with big, aristocratic families and the superior morality of the "genius." There is a distinct anti-democratic strain in this novel, which blames the "masses" for expecting to know better than their educated leaders. That Kennedy's millionaire father bought the Pulitzer (over the Committee's misgivings) just goes to show how deeply the belief in money and genius ran in that family.

Falsely attributed, sloppily sourced, and illegitimately awarded -- this book is a prime example of the corrupt, selfish view of politics held by JFK and his father. It suffers, as does the legacy of Kennedy himself, from a sick conception of politics as noble struggle, a Nietzschean proving ground where young aristocrats (like Kennedy and many of the senators mentioned) can get the power and respect they feel like they deserve. Skip this book unless you want an insight into the Kennedy family (who, to be fair, did produce a few genuinely inspiring politicans).

[Debbie Zapata · Rating 3 out of 5]

Like many other reviewers, I first read this in my youth many years ago. But I was only around eleven years old at the time, swiping a different edition (the original edition, I'm sure) from my Dad's bookshelf. The titles there were considered books for grown-ups and I was not supposed to look at them. But of course I did. However, while I know I took this book and later returned it to the shelf, I remember nothing at all about what I read in it. Maybe I only looked at and never actually read it, who knows?

At some point in our crazy political life these last few years, I heard someone mention this book and decided to order my own copy and read it as an adult. But I am not sure what happened to me while reading. Maybe it was the effects of having just finished OIl! by Upton Sinclair, with its damning portrayal not only of the oil game but of politics, or maybe I just had reached my tolerance level for such topics, because by the time I finished with the essay about Daniel Webster, I could no longer stay focused and didn't care to do more than skim the essays about the remainder of these men.

I must also admit to developing brain freeze in a monstrous way when I read about the Civil War, and the majority of these pieces had to do with either trying to prevent that war or trying to clean up the country afterwards. I have never figured out why this subject affects me this way, but it does. I rarely read either fiction or non-fiction about the Civil War. The reason I am mentioning this is to explain why I skimmed what turned out to be most of the book. The piece about Daniel Webster concerned his support of the Compromise of 1850 and his famous Seventh Of March speech.

The most compelling piece for me was Kennedy's essay Courage And Politics, in which he explained what he hoped to achieve with this book, but also explores the pressures on a Senator: he is expected to go along with his party, he is expected to behave in such a way as to be re-elected, he is expected to vote the way his constituents want him to vote. So where is the personal integrity in all of this? Ah, there is the question and in the eight Senators chosen by Kennedy, we see how they each faced this dilemma, consequences be damned.

I may come back and read this book more thoroughly someday. But I will leave the political field for now, with this thought from Kennedy's Courage and Politics essay rattling around in my little brain:
And yet we cannot permit the pressures of party responsibility to submerge on every issue the call of personal responsibility. For the party which, in its drive for unity, discipline and success, ever decides to exclude new ideas, independent conduct or insurgent members, is in danger.

No Senator should meekly ask "How High?" just because his party (or one person in his party) says "Jump!"

[Lisa (Harmonybites) · Rating 3 out of 5]

I first read this book in my teens when I was very much a Kennedy admirer. These days, I'm decidedly ambivalent about him and his presidency, and rather emblematic of that is what I've learned of this Pulitzer Prize winning book since first reading it. By all rights, the byline for this book should read Ted Sorenson, not John F. Kennedy. In his autobiography, Counselor, Sorenson admitted what had been rumored for years--that he largely researched and wrote Kennedy's book for him, writing "the first draft of most chapters." At best, it was a collaboration, but one heavily weighted towards Sorenson. As he explained, "While in Washington, I received from Florida almost daily instructions and requests by letter and telephone – books to send, memoranda to draft, sources to check, materials to assemble, and Dictaphone drafts or revisions of early chapters." So Kennedy did oversee the production, but much of the writing isn't his.

Herbert Parmet, a historian who wrote a book on Kennedy, analyzing Profiles in Courage does believe Kennedy largely wrote the opening and closing thematic chapters, and those are I think the parts of the book of enduring historical interest given his presidency. In them Kennedy lays out a philosophy of governance. Elected representatives, Kennedy avers, should not "serve merely as a seismograph to record shifts in popular opinion." I've seen some reviewers lambast that view, claiming that for elected representatives to go against their constituencies, whatever their own views, is undemocratic. Personally, I'd counter that America is not a democracy, not a direct one, and was never designed to be. We're a republic. We elect representatives who are supposed to exercise their best judgement, then defend it to their constituencies who are then free to elect someone else if they don't agree. I'm with Kennedy on that.

Kennedy did apparently come up with the idea of the book: stories of eight United States Senators who cast unpopular, potentially career-ending votes. The profiles included some names I think will be familiar to anyone acquainted with American History: John Quincy Adams, Daniel Webster, Sam Houston and Robert Taft. The other names are much more obscure, although I found the story of Edmund G. Ross, who cast the deciding vote not to impeach President Andrew Johnson, the most memorable in the book. (Although not mentioned is that there is considerable evidence Ross was bribed for his vote. But that wouldn't make for a profile of courage, would it?) All in all, I did find the stories entertaining, but insightful, impressive works of history worthy of an award? No. But I think those opening and closing chapters, "Courage in Politics" and "The Meaning of Courage" well worth reading and thinking about for anyone interested in politics, particularly the American system. That's why in my estimation the book is worth a three-star rating, whatever its genesis and flaws.

[Aaron Arnold · Rating 4 out of 5]

Kennedy was, and still is, many things to many people, but one of his aspects that doesn't get as much attention as it should is his writing. Profiles in Courage is a focused review of eight Senators in US history, chronicling instances where that man defied the pressures of various forces - his party, his state legislature, his President, but above all his constituents the American people - in a moment of national crisis, enduring insults from all sides in the conviction that the fevers of the moment would eventually pass and their lonely stands would be vindicated by history. Now, I personally happen to believe that there are few institutions more contemptible than the Senate, and I think that this prejudice is rightly shared by anyone regardless of partisanship who has paid even a bit of attention to the almost unbelievably corrupt bargains that take place there (see: TARP, the stimulus, health care reform, financial reform), so I was less than thrilled at the prospect of reading a self-congratulatory (Kennedy was a sitting Senator when he wrote the book) paean to one of the sorriest gangs of grandées in history. But by the end of it I was extremely impressed, not only by its scholarship and writing quality, but that Kennedy had actually made me admire some Senators of the United States. The underlying theme is that in order to tell the difference between an actual act of courage and your everyday Lieberman or Collins-ish fit of unprincipled to-thine-own-lobbyist-be-true petulance, the Senator in question has to be acting out of loyalty to both the future of the country, and to their own inner moral voice. This is how Kennedy can group Sam Houston's refusal to vote for Texas to join the Confederacy with George Norris' filibuster of the Armed Ship Bill in the runup to World War 1: in each case, the Senator was confronted with the dilemma of a clash between their own carefully-reasoned personal convictions, and their sense that they should represent the wishes of the people in their states. Kennedy was elected after the passage of the 17th Amendment, and discusses it in the fascinating final chapter, where he raises many good questions: What's the most democratic method to counter the flaws of democracy? When should the need for compromise outweigh the need to take a stand? Does it really serve the national interest to allow one man to obstruct everyone else? Should men subdue their own consciences in the interests of their party and their cause, or vice versa? He also links his notion of political courage to the virtue that everyday normal people would consider courage, thus placing the book a step above a mere political biography. Kennedy's Pulitzer was well-deserved, even if his adviser Ted Sorensen wrote a good deal of it. I'd previously thought that Barack Obama's books were fairly well-written, but this blew them away.

[Claire · Rating 4 out of 5]

The perfect book for a poli sci junkie like myself, especially one who's always admired John F Kennedy. Although President Kennedy takes a very small role in the book, the idea that he explores of courage in the life of politics is fascinating. Especially during a time when politicians have taken on such a tarnished image, a brief insight into a few of their lives gives an incredible understanding of the difficulty involved in the positions they hold. I would definitely recommend this book to anyone interested in US history and/or political science - a fascinating read!

[Sara · Rating 5 out of 5]

Took me a lifetime of reading history to really appreciate this book. Kennedy wrote so eloquently of individuals who exemplified courage by going against the grain at great risk to their personal security. Sometimes you just have to follow your gut instincts regardless of what others say or do. These Senators were men of tenacity who believed in their personal principles though it cost them dearly in terms of harsh public opinion and damage to their reputations. Fortunately for them, history has a way of proving the causes of the just even despite our very human flaws.

[Deacon Tom (Feeling Better) · Rating 4 out of 5]

Superb

Even though this book was written almost 50 years ago, the core qualities are relevant today. Today, more than ever, we need politicians who will have the courage of their integrity.

I enjoyed this fine book.

[Jean · Rating 4 out of 5]

I read this book back in the 1960s. I saw this abridged audiobook on Audible and decided to use it for a review of the book. I normally do not like abridged books but I have found them useful as a quick review of a book I had read years ago and want to refresh my memory.

This book was written in 1955 about the most admirable of human virtues -courage. The author provided a brief discussion of eight United States Senators in their moment of courage. JFK doesn’t say that each act of courage was successful or even right. They acted and stood by their conscience belief of what was best for the country. I was most familiar with the story of John Quincy Adams, but the story of Thomas Hart Benton was unknown to me. The courage of Daniel Webster was remarkable, knowing the stand he took for the country would ruin his political career, but he did it anyway because he believed it was best for the country.

The forward was by Carolyn Kennedy. The book won the 1957 Pulitzer Prize. The book was narrated by John F. Kennedy Jr.

[Sterlingcindysu · Rating 4 out of 5]

I don't think I could have read this book in high school and had any sense of timing for most of the senators profiled. I lived in Houston for a bit and of course heard about Sam Houston, but I never thought about the Civil War happening on the heels of Texas statehood. I thought the two sections on Presidental sons--John Quincy Adams and Robert Taft were interesting on how they cope with being political families. Kennedy adds the chapter at the end about how the book is about being courageous, not necessarily right. Isn't that always the problem? When is it worth it to stick your neck out?

[RK Byers · Rating 2 out of 5]

too many slave owners were "courageous".

[David Bjelland · Rating 3 out of 5]

An enjoyable and informative little tour through American legislative history, but for me, one that suffers for the limitations imposed by the running theme of "courage", a virtue I'm personally more hesitant to praise for its own sake than J.F.K. Certainly, it's not presented as an exhaustive work of history, and a major part of the value here is in the editorializing of an author with the same job description as those he's writing about (that, and the fact it's J.F. friggin' K.), but even if we're satisfied with the author's framing of the term, the burden of proof in trying to persuade a reader that a man's (and yes, they're all men) actions constitute "courage" ("noble", "considered", "productive", etc) and not "stubbornness" ("selfish", "unimaginative", just plain "wrong", etc.) is a heavy one. Kennedy does a good job of never over-selling his main thesis, but there were still a distracting number of profiles where I found myself feeling a few necessary facts short of being sold on the flattering portrait being painted.

The most glaring example is probably the case of Robert Taft. I'd already had my suspicions aroused from an offhand remark early in the chapter about his father, president #27 - I'm no history buff, but from what I've read on the Pinchot-Ballinger controversy, I was pretty sure the historical consensus was of Taft Sr. as a timid pushover and a traitor to the nascent conservation movement. Instead, Kennedy refers to the incident as a demonstration of "political courage", and the considerable blowback as "political abuse".

Huh.

Anyway, the courageous deed on display for Robert Taft was his speech at Kenyon College condemning the death sentences recently handed out at the Nuremburg Trials on the grounds that, counter to the whole "Anglo-Saxon" (ugh) spirit of fair and equal treatment under the law, they constituted an ex post facto punishment. Admittedly, my knee-jerk reaction here was to ask, "Is ANY legal principle more sacred than the evil of engineering genocide is obvious?", but, ok, sure; no arguing that the man's got balls of steel when it comes to his faith in literalist interpretations of the constitution I guess. But even THAT amount of respect feels tenuous when we learn later that "...constitutional authorities such as the President of the American Bar Association, the chairman of its Executive Committee and other leading members of the legal profession all deplored his statement and defended the trials as being in accordance with international law."

It's places like this that I'd argue the responsible reader has a duty to scrutinize the concept of courage by deferring to facts: Either Taft was right, or his learned opponents were right, or both sides are being reductive and it'd take a half-hour tour through the history of Western law and early 20th century treaties to really explain the merits and holes in each side's arguments. While the substance of those arguments might be outside the scope of the book, it'd at least be reassuring to see the author affirm the central importance of them in determining how history should view his subject. Robert Taft would have been a mean, bitter reptile of a man and a shoddy legal scholar to boot if he'd been so vocal in a stance born of insufficient facts or mental acuity, BUT it turns out he was probably more right than wrong on this one, he might write. Instead, he focuses on the flak Taft receives from public figures clearly more interested in capitalizing on some good old fashioned moral theater than engaging with his arguments, accidentally lending just a pinch of martyr narrative to a historical episode that I'd argue is really only meaningful as a disinterested question of policy.

Taking a step back: I think it's important to distinguish between instances like Taft's above from most of the policy questions covered by the book. Some, like the Nuremberg Trials question, have an element of morality, but ultimately boil down to making a present-tense interpretation of existing facts; it's far from black and white, but the key thing is that all the facts are AVAILABLE to everyone, and they're not changing. These can be hard problems, but they're in an easier class than many of the ones the senators in this book were tasked with addressing. To me, "courage" is valuable precisely because it's a tool that still operates in the murky, wild territory where more rigorous forms of ethics fail. When you're tasked with the mathematically impossible task of weighing a present evil with a theoretically-knowable magnitude - say, slavery - against a possible outcome that's certainly evil but unknowable in its magnitude - say, a war to preserve the union - there's simply nothing else to fall back on, right?

Kennedy never confronts head-on the question of whether courage is intrinsically "good" or merely "admirable", but if pressed, I get the sense from this book that he'd admit that it comes down to something like a twist on the Churchill quote: "Courage in one's own convictions is the worst form of decision making for uncertain ethical calculations about the future, except for all those other factors that have been tried from time to time"

[Samantha · Rating 4 out of 5]

If you ever come across this book in a store, library, or your grandmother's shelf (like I did), then please PLEASE, if you do nothing else, sit down, take a half hour of your time, and read the first and last chapters of this book. Those chapters aren't the specific "profiles in courage" for which this book was named--and don't get me wrong, those are great--but they are on a whole different par of excellence. Man could Kennedy turn a phrase. For example (taken from the last chapter):

"Must men conscientiously risk their careers only for principles which hindsight declares to be correct, in order for posterity to honor them for their valor? I think not. Surely in the United States of America, where brother once fought against brother, we did not judge a man's bravery under fire by examining the banner under which he fought?"

Or this from the first chapter: "Compromise need not mean cowardice. Indeed it is frequently the compromisers or conciliators who are faced with the severest tests of political courage as they oppose the extremist views of their constituents."

I can't believe I hadn't heard of this book until I found it at my grandmother's house, collecting dust up in my mom's and aunts' old room (fun fact: my copy is so old, the author is listed as "Senator John F. Kennedy." Yeah, I know). Fans of history, politics, or non-fiction in general should all pick this up. It's a fascinating look at a fascinating man, writing about fascinating men. Can you believe he wrote this while in a hospital recovering from a war wound he got while fighting in World War II? He officially just become one of my role models, both as a writer and as a person.

[Ian Hamilton · Rating 2 out of 5]

I'm deeply ambivalent about this book and confused by its legacy as a classic. I don't claim to be as versed as Kennedy on the antebellum period, but frankly his choices in individuals (i.e. exclusively Congressmen) to profile are at times perplexing. Without singling out certain subjects (because I didn't enjoy this nearly enough to give it a comprehensive review), I fail to see the ways in which some of these man displayed courage and why they should be lauded. This book reiterates that politics is no more than a silly game regardless of the era. Whether bucking or toeing the party line, there's always some motive of hubris involved whether its the individual looking out for him/herself or constituents. I disagree with Kennedy's frequent assertions that these men put the interests of the majority first. Dull read...

[Erik Graff · Rating 3 out of 5]

I believe I read Kennedy's series of biographies twice: once as a child during his presidency and again after viewing the eight short films based on the book shown in Maine South's American Government class by Mr. Ellenberger (one of those Grinnell graduates on the faculty who influenced my choice of college later). Naturally, I didn't understand it well the first time through, but had become a little know-it-all about American history by the second reading which occurred during the summer at grandmother's cottage in southwestern Michigan.

[Jacob · Rating 4 out of 5]

The audio book version is neat! Opens with an intro by Caroline Kennedy, then the book is read by JFK Jr and presenting some interesting (and brief) biographies of “courageous” folks then ending with three of JFK’s famous speeches.

[Mary · Rating 5 out of 5]

‌‌✨شجاعت برای هرکسی معنا و مفهوم متفاوتی دارد. اما شجاعت در سیاست چیزی نیست که براحتی بشود آنرا تشخیص داد.
جایی که باید منافع عموم را به منافع خصوصی‌ات ترجیح دهی.

⬇️

جان کندی در کتاب “سیمای شجاعان” به بررسی زندگی و شخصیت 8 سیاستمدار کلیدی آمریکا می‌پردازد:

- [1] John Quincy Adams
- [2] Daniel Webester
- [3] Thomas Hart Benton
- [4] Sam Houston
- [5] Edmund G. Ross
- [6] Lucius Quintus Lamar
- [7] George Norris
- [8] Robert A. Taft

کندی در این کتاب جزئیات شخصیت این افراد را به تصویر می‌کشد. یک چیز در شخصیت همه‌شان دیده می‌شود و برای من بسیار حائز اهمیت بود.
اینکه همه‌شان بر اعتقادشان استوار بودند و تحت هیچ شرایطی تنها بنا بر رضایت ملت کاری انجام نمیدادند.
به بیان دیگر؛
حاضر بودند بدترین تهمت‌ها را تحمل کنند،
استعفا دهند، کنار بکشند،
اما کاری خلاف مصلحت مملکت‌شان انجام ندهند.
برایشان اتحاد جمعی مهم‌ترین چیز بود ‼️

[Jeff · Rating 4 out of 5]

An interesting stroll through America’s past to look at moments of courage, Profiles in Courage is a valuable resource for demonstrations of political independence, primarily by US Senators.

It begins in a less-than-captivating manner, as its introductory chapter reads like a textbook, and the pages of this particular illustrated edition have the unfortunate bonus of also looking like one. The middle chapters with the individual profiles are more gripping, as they dive into particular moments when the featured men made difficult decisions.

Part of the controversy about Kennedy actually being the primary author of this book is evident in that it does not sound as though it is written “in his voice”. But on the merits of the research, text, and prose itself, I gave the book four stars.

It may also be hard for readers to overlook the well-known racism of some if the book’s subjects, to appreciate the braveness of the showcased moments in their careers.

The editing went off the rails in Chapter 5, when Andrew Johnson was presented as Lincoln’s first vice president (he was not), and it was said that Lincoln was elected president in 1850 (he was not). But otherwise, distractions in editing were not substantial.

A fairly easy read, I would recommend it to fellow presidential history fans, and budding politicians. Yet I would not recommend it as necessary material for a lover of JFK.

Robert F. Kennedy wrote the Forward for later editions in December 1963, a month after his brother’s murder, and Caroline and JFK, Jr. provide a nice wrap-up in the Epilogue.

[David Corleto-Bales · Rating 5 out of 5]

A short, moving history of several individuals in the U.S. Senate who defied conventional wisdom and stood out on limb, holding opinions that differed from their party or the general belief of the time due to their integrity. John Quincy Adams, Daniel Webster, Lucius Lamar, Edmund G. Ross, George Norris and Robert Taft are the ones that I can think of at the top of my head. Some are well known, like Adams and Webster, but Ross is obscure. He was a Republican senator from Kansas who voted against conviction of President Andrew Johnson in his trumped up impeachment trial in 1868 despite offers of bribes and threats of violence. I don't think that just opposing something because you believe that it's the "right" thing is necessarily good. Senator Lieberman opposes the public option, which will alienate him from his colleagues but the result is overwhelmingly bad; these were figures who took stands for constitutional law or compromise in order to avoid disunion, bloodshed or what they considered to be incorrect interpretation of the laws. So, stand fast Attorney General Holder! Prosecute the terrorists in New York City like the Constitution demands! And thank you Congressman Arcuri, for voting for the health care bill despite the district being over 50% Republican. (I almost sent him a copy of "Profiles in Courage" before the vote, but decided I had better read it first. I read part of it when I was a kid.)

[Tristan · Rating 2 out of 5]

The title should more aptly be named profiles of hypocrisy, narcissism, and stubbornness.

The mischaracterization of Andrew Johnson as an extension of Lincoln’s emancipation policies is absurd as he was one of the principal reasons that reconstruction failed to bring about any longstanding change in the South.

Slave owning politicians who opposed the expansion of slavery into new territories were not courageous just because they went against Democratic Party politics and may have isolated themselves from their contemporaries.

I will say, I respect the resolve to vote against the party norm. Congress has been bogged down by tribalism and loyalty to a voting bloc rather than thinking independently and evaluating issues as they are instead of by their relation to the political spectrum. Democrats and Republicans—constituents and politicians alike—should not be vilified for voting with conscience instead of blind allegiance.

It’s really well written but JFK didn’t even write it—Ted Sorensen did.

[Karen · Rating 3 out of 5]

In this book President Kennedy profiles eight Senators, and their courage to stand up for their beliefs despite voting against the wishes of their constituents. Most of these men lost their seats in the Senate because of their choices. The book is a testament to me that Providence will guide the man that will save the nation into a position to do so. All of these men's decisions were pivital in the course of our nation. A few of the chapters get bogged down, others, like the one on Sam Houston are quite engaging. The book won the Pulitzer Prize in 1957. Here is my favorite quote: "For, in a democracy, every citizen, regardless of his interest in politics, 'holds office'; every one of us is in a position of responsibility; and, in the final analysis, the kind of government we get depends upon how we fulfill those responsibilities. We, the people, are the boss, and we will get the kind of political leadership, be it good or bad, that we demand and deserve."

[Vassilis Katsampas · Rating 4 out of 5]

This is a great book about history of politics. Courage is presented as a principle through the stories of several politicians. JFK firmly believes that politicians have the obligation to be courageous, and to stand for their values and principels through their courage, as the examples of this book did. I liked reading this books, because JFK presents these stories without judging if these politicians were right or wrong. And it is not about what position was the right one, or the wrong one. It is about who was able to show courage, and why we have downgraded our political life to courage-less representatives.

[Holly · Rating 3 out of 5]

As a history buff, I had learned most of this material before, but not all of it, and certainly none of it from a writer with the passion of JFK. My favorite paragraph in the entire book is the one reminding us that JFK loved the Dante quote, “The hottest places in hell are reserved for those who, in a time of great moral crisis, maintain their neutrality.”

[Catherine Harpold · Rating 5 out of 5]

I feel like this is one of those books that everyone should read. It really shows the importance of having a strong sense of integrity. You never know what you might accomplish by standing firm to your values and ideals. It was interesting to read this during our current political climate. I have a new sense of hope that there are public servants out there who can be bold and stand for the changes we need.