Etzel Cardeña > Quotes

“Patients with DID or other dissociative disorders may be misdiagnosed as Schizophrenics on account of their auditory hallucinations, distrust, feelings of depersonalization, and on the MMPI (Kluft, 1987; Spiegel & Fink, 1979; Steingard & Frankel, 1985).”
― Etzel Cardena, Handbook of Dissociation: Theoretical, Empirical, and Clinical Perspectives

“There were two main reasons that the name of this condition was changed from multiple was changed from multiple personality disorder to DID in the DSM-IV. The first was that the older term emphasized the concept of various personalities (as though different people inhabited the same body), whereas the current view is that DID patients experience a failure in the integration of aspects of their personality into a complex and multifaceted integrated identity.

The International Society for the Study of Dissociation (1997) states it this way: "The DID patient is a single person who experiences himself/herself as having separate parts of the mind that function with some autonomy. The patient is not a collection of separate people sharing the same body." ͏”
― Etzel Cardena, Handbook of Psychology, Clinical Psychology

“Another reason for the name change is that the term personality refers to characteristic pattern of thoughts, feelings, moods, and behaviors of the whole individual. The fact that patients with DID consistently switch between different identities, behavior styles, and so on is a feature of the individual's overall personality. Our phrasing changes in diagnostic criteria clarified that although alters may be personalized by the individual, they are not to be considered as having an objective, independent existence.”
― Etzel Cardena, Handbook of Psychology, Clinical Psychology