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F. Michael Higginbotham’s Followers (5)
F. Michael Higginbotham
More books by F. Michael Higginbotham…
“Such severe punishment meted out by the courts was the fate of John Punch, a black indentured servant from Virginia. Punch was captured in 1641 along with two white servants, James Gregory and a man named Victor, while trying to escape to freedom.24 A Virginia judge sentenced each of the three men to a public whipping and added additional years to their servitude.25 James and Victor, who were white, received an additional four years, but John Punch, who was black, received a lifetime indenture.26 John Punch committed the same”
― Ghosts of Jim Crow: Ending Racism in Post-Racial America
― Ghosts of Jim Crow: Ending Racism in Post-Racial America
“Enforced ignorance via bans to education furthered inferiority. Every southern state before the Civil War, with the exception of Tennessee, prohibited the education of slaves.120 As a result, illiteracy topped 90% among the South’s black population in 1860.121 Some slaves did, however, learn to read or write through their own efforts.122”
― Ghosts of Jim Crow: Ending Racism in Post-Racial America
― Ghosts of Jim Crow: Ending Racism in Post-Racial America
“Under Hudgins, Virginia law presumed blacks were slaves, denoting their status as objects even when, in fact, they were free.84 Judge Tucker undercut even the provisions in the statute that contemplated some mixed-race individuals as free, because they descended from either a white woman or a free black or mulatto female. Judges throughout the 19th century followed Judge Tucker’s lead, creating presumptions of enslavement and other devices for limiting black freedom. These cases reinforced a subordinate role for blacks in American society, and in so doing, created a superior role for whites. This social construct of white privilege is unmistakably seen in the words of one South Carolina judge in 1836: “A”
― Ghosts of Jim Crow: Ending Racism in Post-Racial America
― Ghosts of Jim Crow: Ending Racism in Post-Racial America
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