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Friedrich Nietzsche

Born

in Röcken, Province of Saxony, Prussia, German Confederation

October 15, 1844

Died

August 25, 1900

Genre

Philosophy, Psychology, Art

Influences

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Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a German classical scholar, philosopher, and critic of culture, who became one of the most influential of all modern thinkers. He began his career as a classical philologist before turning to philosophy. He became the youngest person to hold the Chair of Classical Philology at the University of Basel in 1869 at the age of 24, but resigned in 1879 due to health problems that plagued him most of his life; he completed much of his core writing in the following decade. In 1889, at age 44, he suffered a collapse and afterward a complete loss of his mental faculties, with paralysis and probably vascular dementia. He lived his remaining years in the care of his mother until her death in 1897 and then with his sister Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a German classical scholar, philosopher, and critic of culture, who became one of the most influential of all modern thinkers. He began his career as a classical philologist before turning to philosophy. He became the youngest person to hold the Chair of Classical Philology at the University of Basel in 1869 at the age of 24, but resigned in 1879 due to health problems that plagued him most of his life; he completed much of his core writing in the following decade. In 1889, at age 44, he suffered a collapse and afterward a complete loss of his mental faculties, with paralysis and probably vascular dementia. He lived his remaining years in the care of his mother until her death in 1897 and then with his sister Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche. Nietzsche died in 1900, after experiencing pneumonia and multiple strokes.
Nietzsche's work spans philosophical polemics, poetry, cultural criticism, and fiction while displaying a fondness for aphorism and irony. Prominent elements of his philosophy include his radical critique of truth in favour of perspectivism; a genealogical critique of religion and Christian morality and a related theory of master–slave morality; the aesthetic affirmation of life in response to both the "death of God" and the profound crisis of nihilism; the notion of Apollonian and Dionysian forces; and a characterisation of the human subject as the expression of competing wills, collectively understood as the will to power. He also developed influential concepts such as the Übermensch and his doctrine of eternal return. In his later work, he became increasingly preoccupied with the creative powers of the individual to overcome cultural and moral mores in pursuit of new values and aesthetic health. His body of work touched a wide range of topics, including art, philology, history, music, religion, tragedy, culture, and science, and drew inspiration from Greek tragedy as well as figures such as Zoroaster, Arthur Schopenhauer, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Richard Wagner, Fyodor Dostoevsky, and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
After his death, Nietzsche's sister Elisabeth became the curator and editor of his manuscripts. She edited his unpublished writings to fit her German ultranationalist ideology, often contradicting or obfuscating Nietzsche's stated opinions, which were explicitly opposed to antisemitism and nationalism. Through her published editions, Nietzsche's work became associated with fascism and Nazism. 20th-century scholars such as Walter Kaufmann, R.J. Hollingdale, and Georges Bataille defended Nietzsche against this interpretation, and corrected editions of his writings were soon made available. Nietzsche's thought enjoyed renewed popularity in the 1960s and his ideas have since had a profound impact on 20th- and early 21st-century thinkers across philosophy—especially in schools of continental philosophy such as existentialism, postmodernism, and post-structuralism—as well as art, literature, music, poetry, politics, and popular culture. ...more

Combine Editions
Friedrich Nietzsche’s books

Average rating: 4.04 · 545,902 ratings · 26,907 reviews · 4,284 distinct works • Similar authors

	Thus Spoke Zarathustra 4.07 avg rating — 174,783 ratings — published 1883 — 4086 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	Beyond Good and Evil 4.03 avg rating — 113,006 ratings — published 1886 — 3157 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	On the Genealogy of Morals 4.12 avg rating — 35,283 ratings — published 1887 — 31 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	The Anti-Christ 3.88 avg rating — 32,381 ratings — published 1888 — 35 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	The Gay Science: With a Prelude in Rhymes and an Appendix of Songs 4.26 avg rating — 20,383 ratings — published 1882 — 503 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	The Birth of Tragedy 3.98 avg rating — 21,079 ratings — published 1871 — 168 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	Ecce Homo by Friedrich Nietzsche, R.J. Hollingdale (Editor), Michael Tanner (Introduction) 3.81 avg rating — 19,838 ratings — published 1908 — 8 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	On the Genealogy of Morals / Ecce Homo by Friedrich Nietzsche, Walter Kaufmann (translator), R.J. Hollingdale (Translator) 4.17 avg rating — 15,931 ratings — published 1887 — 23 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	Twilight of the Idols 3.95 avg rating — 14,183 ratings — published 1889 — 69 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	Human, All Too Human: A Book for Free Spirits by Friedrich Nietzsche, R.J. Hollingdale (Translator), Richard Schacht (Introduction) 4.19 avg rating — 13,121 ratings — published 1878 — 128 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars

More books by Friedrich Nietzsche…

Series by Friedrich Nietzsche

Kritische Studienausgabe in 7 Einzelbänden (7 books)
by

Friedrich Nietzsche,

Michel van Nieuwstadt (Translator),

Giorgio Colli (Editor),

Mazzino Montinari (Editor)

4.66 avg rating — 90 ratings

Retired schoolteacher Grace Winters believes the best days of her life are behind her, and even the good old days weren’t that great. Moving...

Polls

August 2019 Old School Poll

Thus Spoke Zarathustra by Friedrich Nietzsche 1883, 327 pages

74 votes, 28.1%

Metamorphoses by Ovid 8, 723 pages

51 votes, 19.4%

The Eclogues by Virgil -38, 144 pages

37 votes, 14.1%

Germinal by Émile Zola 1885, 592 pages

37 votes, 14.1%

East Lynne by Mrs. Henry Wood 1861, 694 pages

33 votes, 12.5%

The Female Quixote by Charlotte Lennox 1752, 464 pages

31 votes, 11.8%

263 total votes

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