“In academia, the model that we are taught; that we are told in most fields - not the arts, and not the experimental sciences either - but many, many fields, [the model] is:

- You have an idea,
- You accumulate everything that anyone has ever written about that idea,
- You become familiar with what everyone has already said about it,
- And from there, you cobble together the pieces: the evidence either for or against your [idea], or you just review what they've done and you create something that's a little bit new.

Over in science space I call this "Brick in the Wall Science".

It's valuable that some people are doing Brick in the Wall Science but you will always have the same foundation of the house that you started with with Brick in the Wall Science, and it's possible the foundation of the house you started with is not the foundation that you want or that is true. [...]

[With Brick in the Wall Science] you can't have revolutionary ideas. You can't have paradigm shifts.”