“The tree is in the yard beyond my window” (perception). “I had Cheerios for breakfast this morning” (memory). “2 + 2 = 4” (insight). “I’m thinking about philosophy right now” (introspection). “Abraham Lincoln was assassinated” (testimony). “Since 2 + 2 = 4, therefore 2 + 2 ≠ 5” (deductive inference). “Since the sun has always risen in the past, it will probably rise tomorrow” (inductive inference). By way of contrast, faith is a way of knowing that utilizes two cognitive capacities over and above those just named: a sense of the divine (what Calvin calls the sensus divinitatis in his Institutes, 1.3.1, first sentence), and a capacity to repose trust in divine testimony. Since the following beliefs would be acquired by using such capacities, these beliefs are acquired by faith: “God is an awesome Creator” (sensus divinitatis, said while contemplating a mountain). “God is displeased with what I did” (divine testimony, said while reading the Sermon on the Mount).”
―
Alvin Plantinga
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