“Factory production also meant the end of the apprenticeship system—the primary method of skill transfer for thousands of years—and with it the opportunities for mentorship and discipleship. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, The apprentice system was in vogue, and all parts of a trade were then taught where it is now usual and needful to teach but a single branch. The youth who aspired to become a shoemaker might, for instance, during his period of apprenticeship, acquire knowledge of every step from the tanning of the leather to its embodiment in the finished shoe.”