“Their potential variety was practically infinite, because apples don’t breed true from seed. Each apple seed is different from all others, and, if planted, may produce a type never known before. If the new apple was special enough, it could be preserved and reproduced either through a root sprout, or by grafting a twig from the new tree onto the trunk of another; they would then fuse together and grow into a tree identical to the one from which the twig was taken.”