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by
Claire
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Nov 08, 2010 07:08AM

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same. well, hw actually. im doing my bio lab! we r fermenting fruit! which means making alchohol! how stupid is that! now all the guys are gonna wanna make it outside of school. :/ and actually drink it *makes distugested face*
They are teaching us that because we need to learn about fermenation. im in Biology 1 and we are learning about how bakers yeast can fermentate fruit.
ya it is actually cool but its kinda stu[id to be teaching our ninth grade boys how to make beer and wine. :/
ya. haha im not looking forward to it...
but bio is so hard right now! im gonna post soemthing i had to memorize.... one sec...
but bio is so hard right now! im gonna post soemthing i had to memorize.... one sec...
Light Reactions: (carried out in the Thylakoids)
• Chlorophyll absorbs light energy
• The light energy excites electrons which are added to NADP+ to make NADPH
• In photo system one, NADPH is created to be used in the Calvin cycle
• The electrons in photo system two move along a transport chain (like they did in number one) but make Hydrogen go down their concentration gradient from the stroma to the thylakoid compartments.
• Then, the electrons replace the ones that were used in photo system one
• Photo system two gets its new electrons from splitting a water molecule.
• Hydrogen and oxygen are released into the thylakoid compartment (this is where the oxygen gas generated from photosynthesis comes from)
• Hydrogen buildup in the thylakoid stores potential energy
• The enzyme (ATP synthase) takes the Hydrogen’s down their concentration gradient and forms energy
• ATP is formed
• ATP and NADHP are used in the sugar making process CALVIN CYCLE
Calvin Cycle (Sugar making cycle): (carried out in the stroma and called the DARK reactions [independent light stage])
• *Stored energy created from the light reactions are used here*
o NADPH
o ATP
• CO2 is first added to the cycle (3 molecules)
• It is added to three five carbon sugars
• Rearranges itself to make six 3 carbon sugars
• Next, the products from the light reactions are used here. (NADPH and ATP)
• 6 ATP molecules are added, creating an additional phosphate group (ATP becomes ADP)
• 6 molecules of NADPH are oxidized, and take one phosphate away from the 6 carbon chain (NADPH becomes NADP+) and creates 6 high energy ones.
• The product of this cycle is glycerol (tri phosphate) a type of sugar.
• SUMMARY: The Calvin cycle has used the energy from the light reactions to reduce three molecules of carbon dioxide and produce three sugars (or glycerol
• Chlorophyll absorbs light energy
• The light energy excites electrons which are added to NADP+ to make NADPH
• In photo system one, NADPH is created to be used in the Calvin cycle
• The electrons in photo system two move along a transport chain (like they did in number one) but make Hydrogen go down their concentration gradient from the stroma to the thylakoid compartments.
• Then, the electrons replace the ones that were used in photo system one
• Photo system two gets its new electrons from splitting a water molecule.
• Hydrogen and oxygen are released into the thylakoid compartment (this is where the oxygen gas generated from photosynthesis comes from)
• Hydrogen buildup in the thylakoid stores potential energy
• The enzyme (ATP synthase) takes the Hydrogen’s down their concentration gradient and forms energy
• ATP is formed
• ATP and NADHP are used in the sugar making process CALVIN CYCLE
Calvin Cycle (Sugar making cycle): (carried out in the stroma and called the DARK reactions [independent light stage])
• *Stored energy created from the light reactions are used here*
o NADPH
o ATP
• CO2 is first added to the cycle (3 molecules)
• It is added to three five carbon sugars
• Rearranges itself to make six 3 carbon sugars
• Next, the products from the light reactions are used here. (NADPH and ATP)
• 6 ATP molecules are added, creating an additional phosphate group (ATP becomes ADP)
• 6 molecules of NADPH are oxidized, and take one phosphate away from the 6 carbon chain (NADPH becomes NADP+) and creates 6 high energy ones.
• The product of this cycle is glycerol (tri phosphate) a type of sugar.
• SUMMARY: The Calvin cycle has used the energy from the light reactions to reduce three molecules of carbon dioxide and produce three sugars (or glycerol

ME


WOW that is hot over there it was pretty cold
at my camp the guy cabin beside ours contorlled our heat so they turned it off. the water was freezzzzzzzzzzzzzing!!!
wow! thats sucks :( sorry Gillian
and it FREEZING HERE!!!!!!!!! im not kidding its like 60 degrees!!!!!! :o
WOW
and it FREEZING HERE!!!!!!!!! im not kidding its like 60 degrees!!!!!! :o
WOW