linguistically discussion

so i'll start with classroom instructions.

1)Let's begin. ---- Hajimemasho.
2)Let's finish ---- Owarimasho.
3)Let's take a break ----Yasumimasho.
4)Do you understand? ----(O)Wakarimasuka. [you can put O iF you wanted to be polite. this is read as *wakarimaska*
5)Once more. ---- Mo ichido.
6)Fine/good ---- Keiko/ Keiko desu (des)
7)Name ---- Namae

1)Welcome ---- Irashaimase

One must first learn Hiragana before writing learning Kanji.

Hiragana is by syllable pronunciation of Japanese words. Katakana is the by syllable pronunciation of English words made into Japanese...(ex. party --- pa-ti)
While kanji are Chinese or Japanese characters that convey meanings and sounds(drawings). (one kanji for car.)

Thank you. ---- Arigato (polite, use to those with higher rank than you and those older than you)/ Domo (normal, used with close friends, family, and those younger than you.)

Domo is fine.

Ohayo minna-san it means good morning everyone. Sumemasen (sorry) that I hadn't been here lately. But in the coming weeks, I'll try to really participate.

Sayonara! :)

Domo arigato. *bows* (Thanks very much)

Ogenki desu ka? (How are you today?)
Genki desu. (I'm fine)

Actually:

ohayou
doumo
arigatou

You want to make sure you get those long vowels. ;)

Good morning.

おはよう（ございます）ohayou (gozaimasu) - Good morning
こんにちは konnichiwa - Good day
こんばんは konbanwa - Good evening
さようなら sayounara - Good-bye
おやすみ（なさい）oyasumi (nasai) - Good night
ありがとう（ございます）arigatou (gozaimasu) - Thank you (very much)
すみません sumimasen - Excuse me
いってきます ittekimasu - said when leaving for a short time
いってらっしゃい ittrasshai - said by others when you leave for a short time
ただいま tadaima - I'm back
おかえり（なさい）okaeri (nasai) - Welcome back
いただきます itadakimasu - said before a meal
ごちそうさま gochisousama - said after a meal
はじめまして hajimemashite - sort of equivalent to 'Nice to meet you'
どうぞよろしく douzo yoroshiku - not sure how to explain this one
はい hai - yes
いいえ iie - no

The verb gozaimasu, today, only indicates politeness and can only be added to certain things. nasai, just goes on the end of some greetings. It's up to you which one you use.