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Law of Identity is like a super strict rule for words in an argument
Every word gets ONE job and only ONE job, for the whole conversation
So if you're talking about a bat (the animal), it has to stay the animal-bat throughout the entire discussion. can't transform into a baseball-bat halfway through. When a word tries to do two different jobs (or mean two different things) within the same argument, that's a big no.

The Four laws of Logic
1. The law of identity,
2. The law of excluded middle
3. The law of noncontradiction
4. The law of sufficient reason

BAB 4 SCIENCE
Our Research Center in this section
1. Evidence (facts)
2. Law,
3. Induction, Deduction, and Verification

Evidence (facts)
There's two main ways to have a absolute facts
(Observation) and (Experimentation)

BAB 4 SCIENCE
Our Research Center in this section
1. Evidence (facts)
2. Law,
3. Induction, Deduction, and Verification

Evidence (facts)
There's two main ways to have a absolute facts
(Observation) and (Experimentation)

In this case, the point of view is the basis of thinking. The direction and speed at which we go are relative to our point of view.

Conditio ad Absurdum

For instance: a clever tiger hunter. He wanted to catch a tiger, but not just any tiger—one that was hunting a pig. Now, the tiger has his own path through the jungle (imagine a big circle 1 ), and the pig has its own trail too (another big circle 2 ). the hunter finds the point where the key ideas overlap where both conditions are met.

There's 3 method to examine a theory
1. Synthetic method ( how to assemble (memasang))
2. Analytic method (how to reveal)
3. Reductio ad Absudum method
this method look like:
"Everyone must always lie"
- If everyone lies all the time
- Then when someone says “I am lying,”
- That would be a lie too…
- So they’re actually telling the truth…
- But wait… that’s a contradiction!
Thus, the original idea must be wrong

In this part, the book taught me how to test definitions in a simple way—just by looking closely at a few key features such as;
1. Definitions should be short and not too narrow
2. A good definition shouldn’t just go around in circles
3. Definitions should be in general and common
4. Definitions must not use metaphors
5. Definitions should, as far as possible, not use negative sentences.

The book gave me so much insight and gave me more perspective from every aspect and teach how to examine and test every idea if it’s valid or not