Rahul Venugopal > Recent Status Updates

Chapter one. Broad strokes introduction. Author was trying to convince the readers to read. For people who are not from the field will benefit with the framework of thoughts (to be filled later).

I wanted to read something which can be my so called "area of future research". Something exciting, challenging, grounded in theory/philosophy and close to consciousness studies. Twitter has been sparkling with many threads on interoception, embodied cognition, extended cognition etc etc. This book seemed perfect to know the field in good detail. Let us begin the journey

I felt a lump in my throat and eyes getting heavy reading through the final chapter. This is definitely one of the warmest book I read. There were so many places which were master strokes from the author. So many warm moments, lots of subtle life lessons. What can I say, totally in awe with Ove 🕊️

Now, you listen to me,” says Ove calmly while he carefully closes the door.“You’ve given birth to two children and quite soon you’ll be squeezing out a third.You’ve come here from a land far away and most likely you fled war and persecution and all sorts of other nonsense. You’ve learned a new language and got yourself an education and you’re holding together a family of obvious incompetents. And I’ll be damned if...

Picked up this book which was pending since 4 years before I started my PhD. I wanted to read this before I venture to a new phase in my life. Time is ripe to read this book. I am somewhere close to end of my PhD journey and I am sincerely hoping this book would lit that final charge. Aaron Swartz is my hero (I am not a huge fan of hero workship, but I wept after watching Internet's own boy documentary)
Hello world

- tDCS stimulation to PFC improved meta cognition to report errors in a complex color detection task in elderly people
- Ritalin and meta cognition
- overflow thesis
- during lucid dreaming, Fp and precuneus activities are increased
- Meditation practices can also modulate and boost meta cognitive skillsets

- tDCS stimulation to PFC improved meta cognition to report errors in a complex color detection task in elderly people
- Ritalin and meta cognition
- overflow thesis
- during lucid dreaming, Fp and precuneus activities are increased
- Meditation practices can also modulate and boost meta cognitive skillsets

- knowledge IN the network vs knowledge FOR the network
- blindsight in Axel cleereman's computer networks
- sharing of meta cognitive info between the machines
- Drones that can detect errors flew better in unchartered terrains
- onto the final chapter of the book. Loved reading the book. So many insights on insights!
- So many back references I can lookup for a seminar
- Clinical cases and potential paradigms

- blindsight is also a phenomenon where we lack meta cognition
- 1917 by George Riddoch in soldiers who are occipitaly blind
- Weiskranz followed up Riddoch's work on patient DB
- choice blindness, we justify our choices, supermarket jam sleight of hand
- Gazzaniga s Interpreter
- 2008 Brian Thomas strangled his wife during night terror
- Valentino braitenberg's book vehicles
- 2016 Lee sedol and alpha go - Deepmind

- seeing suspects under bright light vs dim light boosts confidence ratings, but accuracy went down!
- Thomas Busey, Elizabeth Loftus, and colleagues papers
- we should know enough to know that we don't know
- Loss of confidence project
- sharing fake news in social media and meta cognition
- when experts become coaches
- chicken sexing works more like autopilot, their meta cognition is really poor in this task alone

- confirmation bias vs Bayesian vs metacognition
- value based choices vs pure decision making choices
- value of decisions where better encoded in vmPFC
- people's eye movements indicated difficulty of the task
- cognitive reflection task, Johnson Fowler 2011 simulation study with over confidence
- Its rare for a single individual to have all the skills to build an aeroplane or treat a patient
- 2HBT1
- eye witness

- Concept of offloading, this helps to boos self efficacy and seek help
- illusion of explanatory depth: when we are told to explain our confidence goes down
- claps to author for "But I believe that all researchers should be encouraged to teach"
- Mark Luna's, GM crops, changing strong viewpoints
- how metacognition helps people change their minds
- dACC(involved in ERN) lights up when subjects gather more info

We enter part II of the book
- the different type of learning styles - visual, kinesthetic etc is a myth
- heightened confidence towards on screen reading made students wrap up earlier and then score less than reading physical notes
- Sans Forgetica font to make students study more
- SAT exam before 2016 included assessing metacognition too! Now we can't know how sure they were on their own answers
- Self efficacy

- Without metacognition, we may lose the capacity to understand what we have lost
- frontal lobe paradox - where people have brain damage but they don't know that
- LM could restore and remap self awareness after seeing video recorded conversation
- how about an experiment were we present a sound click sooner vs later and get confidence rating
- PFC activity decreased when task got tougher
- stress impacts metacog

- emotions and body states affect meta cognition
- Sara Bengttson study on ERN and priming with words like clever, moron etc.
- confidence signals are seen early on in mPFC and later in Fp when an explicit self evaluation is required
- Nicaraguan sign language and mind reading
- metacognition improved with age btw 11-17, but cognition related to finding brightest patch remained same
- patient LM, self knowledge

- people with better meta cognition had thicker gray matter in frontopolar cortex
- SPM developed at UCL
- Nakamura and Hakwan replicated the frontopolar involvement in meta cognition
- 94% US profs reported that they were above average
- Dunning Kruger vs Imposters syndrome
- typing speed, correct errors subtly, typing speed comes down, brain knows something is off
- on the other hand, people accept system made err

- we often turn our thoughts upon ourselves
- this is autonoetic aspect of metacognition
- the caloric revenue due to cooking, social/societal structures, Harari's writings on fire, cooking, cognitive evolution
- known unknown combinations and analogy of index page and chapter no.s
- introspection, Freud's camp vs self awareness
- we can have meta cognition towards learning, decision making and memory
- meta d' Phi

- Double dissociation in neuroscience
- I heard that term first in one of the lectures from Mark solms about REM and dreaming
- Nelson's study in mountaineering folks summiting Everest, where lack of O2 selectively affects regions in PFC involved in metacognition and confidence ratings
- mPFC lit up when people were assessing whether they will remember it or not
- Armin Lak, muscimol, rats decision making wait times

- stealing food when experimenter is not looking in chimps
- what is a Maxi test
- Herculano-Houzel counting neurons
- 98% of neurons in elephant are in cerebellum
- granular layer is more packed in PFC regions and absent in rodents
- medial parietal cortex or precuneus
- Arthur Shimamura s patients and self awareness, 1986 study. A subgroup of them had Korsakoffs syndrome
- How to remove memory confounds in metacog

- being able to monitor our actions
- Christopher Latham sholes and QWERTY
- typing only left hand side letters
- low level system autocorrecting cursor errors unknown to higher level systems
- the error correction responses were faster than fastest decision making trials
- Gehring, ERN, Oh shit response, dACC
- false belief test, Sally Ann
- despite same level of memory performance, confidence reading varied in kids

- do they know when they know - a hallmark of metacognition
- Capuchins have no problem in using third lever to signal third choice, BUT are poor in using the same to signal uncertainty
- Capuchins(New world monkey) failed Smith test (Natua)
- Old world could do
- babies study asked for help from their moms when uncertainty was large
- The sheer ability to monitor our actions add new layer to metacognition algorithms

- Natua and David Smith
- Alternative explanation that third lever press happens when dolphin detects middle tone and can skip the uncertainty towards low or high
- Adam Kepecs’s lab and rats metacognition
- sensitivity to uncertainty is the key aspect in above experiments
- Infants study by Sid koudier & Goupil, trick door to take toy away from the box
- simple rule is, more time taken for decision more uncertainty

- cultivating accurate self-awareness has long been considered a wise and noble goal
- how do we track uncertainty and how do we monitor our actions
- Bayes theorem, illusions, priors, noisy data
- Ventriloquists close mouth & speak and our brains attribute it to puppet
- Rubber hand illusion & sense of ownership
- Helmholtz - unconscious inference
- Anil Seth - controlled hallucinations
- uncertainty and self-doubt

Being a conscientious research student, I am very much looking forward to reading this book. I have only introductory level know how in the field of introspection and meta cognition research. Let the readings begin
- Jane, James, Judith | Exam eve, deep dive and grab number, millionaire
- self awareness & meta cognition are key players that can at times influence life decisions
- observed and observing by same organ