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Jared Diamond's conclusion that large populations can't function without leaders, executives in bureaucrats, and that the anarchist dream of living without state government is unrealistic, is a dismal conclusion not just for anarchists but for anybody who ever wondered if there might be a viable alternative to the current current status quo.

For Rousseau, Fukuyama and Diamond, what put an end to the equality of hunter-gatherer tribes was agriculture tribes leading to chiefdoms with hierarchies and leadership, but there is no reason to believe that small-scale groups are especially likely to be egalitarian.

But the Europeans did not act on the mission that was designated them which consisted of pondering these elements, modifying their configuration, changing them and finally taking the problem of man to an infinitely higher plane.

There were European who urged the workers to smash this narcissism and break with this denial of reality. But generally speaking, the workers did not respond to the call. The workers believed they too were part of the prodigious adventure of the European Spirit.
All the elements for a solution to the major problems of humanity existed at one time or another in European thought.

National consciousness is the highest form of culture but it is not nationalism.

The conscious, organized struggle undertaken by a colonized people in order to restore national sovereignty constitutes the greatest cultural manifestation that exists.

Political education means opening up the mind, awakening the mind and introducing it to the world. "To invent the souls of men."

He says the youth of Africa should not be oriented toward the stadiums but toward the fields and the schools, but how many African youth want to do agricultural work? They are much more interested in stadiums (and probably alcohol).

Development must be widespread
Mass participation, opportunity to speak

To nationalize the tertiary sector means organizing democratically the cooperatives for buying and selling. it means decentralizing these cooperatives by involving the masses the management of public affairs. All this obviously cannot succeed unless the people are politically educated.

Criticism of what happened in the Congo

Because the bourgeoisie is uncaring and underdeveloped, it deposits the profits it makes from national resources in foreign banks and buys cars, villas and ostentatious goods.
The post-colonial bourgeoisie ends up becoming the new colonists.

Independence does not bring a change of direction. The same old ground nut harvest, cocoa harvest and olive oil harvest. Likewise the traffic of commodities goes unchanged. No industry is established. They continue to ship raw materials and produce for Europe.

The bourgeoisie following independence is incapable of truly developing the country. They do not have a clue about the economy. The precariousness of its resources and the scarcity of managerial talent force it for years into an economy of cottage industries.

National consciousness is nothing but accrued, empty, fragile shell.

The masses must be involved in in the management of public affairs and this cannot succeed unless the people are politically educated.

The bourgeoisie attempts to mask its mediocrity by ostentatious projects for individual prestige, chromium plated American cars, vacations on the French Riviera and weekends in neon lit nightclubs.

The bourgeoisie of Europe was dynamic, educated and secular and fully succeeded in its undertaking of capital accumulation and endowed the nation with a minimum of prosperity. In the under developed countries there was no genuine bourgeoisie but rather an inquisitive, voracious and ambitious petty cast, dominated by a small time racketeer mentality, content with the dividends paid out by the former colonial power.

The bourgeois phase in the underdeveloped countries is only justified if the national bourgeoisie sufficiently powerful, economically and technically, to be able to build a bourgeois society, to create the conditions for developing a sizable proletariat, to mechanize agriculture, and finally pave the way for a genuine national culture.

The failure of nations following independence: wealth and poverty, the army and the police forming the pillars of the regime who are advised by foreign "experts." Caravan of corruption

The national bourgeoisie of the under mdeveloped countries is incapable of fulfilling any kind of mission.

The local cadres of the party are appointed to administrative jobs, the party itself becomes an administration, the militants fall back into line and adopt the hollow title of citizen. Now that they have fulfilled their historic mission of bringing the bourgeoisie to power, they are firmly asked to withdraw so that the bourgeoisie can quietly fulfill its own mission.

After independence the party sinks in
to a profound lethargy.

Stupidity, hunger and inhumanity

The new African bourgeoisie takes on the characteristics of the colonials.

African nationalism crumbles into regionalism (the Balubas refuse to feed the Luluas, Katanga becomes a state on its own and Albert Kalonji crowns himself king of southern Kasai).

Building a nation on a solid, constructive foundation. The national front that drove back Cohen he was in fall apart and licks its wounds.

The problem of tribalism and ethnic tension
By only focusing on certain industries like natural resources, it allows the rest of the colony to sink into under development and poverty.
In the aftermath of independence the nationals who live in the prosperous regions realize their good fortune and their gut reaction is to refuse to feed the rest of the nation.

The casinos in Havana and Mexico City, the beaches of Rio, Copacabana and Acapulco are these scars of this deprivation of the national bourgeoisie, who turns its country virtually into a bordello for Europe (whorism).

The national bourgeoisie gets considerable help from the western bourgeoisie who happen to be tourists enamored of exoticism, hunting and casinos. The national bourgeoisie establishes holiday resorts and playgrounds for entertaining the western bourgeoisie. The sector goes by the name of tourism.

The nationalization of industry by the bourgeoisie is not the same as the total transformation of the country. Its vocation is not to transform the nation but prosaically serve as a conveyor belt for capitalism, forced to camouflage itself behind the mask of neo colonialism.