David Gillespie's Blog

How folic acid in our bread is creating a generation of diabetic mothers.

Every day, millions of Australian women consume a government-mandated medication they don’t know they’re taking. It’s in their morning toast, their lunchtime sandwich, their fortified cereal and their multivitamin tablet. This medication, folic acid (Vitamin B9), was introduced as a public health miracle, a simple way to protect unborn babies from devastating birth defects. But a decade later, a startling new picture is emerging.

A quiet, creeping epidemic is unfolding in Australia’s maternity wards. A condition called gestational diabetes mellitus, or GDM, a type of diabetes that appears suddenly in pregnancy, has surged inexplicably quickly. In 2010, it affected a modest 5.6% of pregnancies. By 2022, that number had exploded to 19.3%.

What was going on? The usual suspects were there, of course. Women were having children later, and rates of obesity were climbing. But those trends couldn’t account for a curve that steep, a rise so dramatic. Something else was at play, an invisible driver that nobody could quite put their finger on. The question was, what was it?

And here is where the story takes an unexpected turn. To understand the twist, you first have to understand the villain this policy was designed to vanquish, a class of devastating birth defects known as neural tube defects. Conditions like spina bifida, where a baby’s spinal cord fails to develop properly, or anencephaly, where a major portion of the brain is absent.

For decades, these were tragic, unavoidable realities of childbirth. Then, science delivered a miracle, folic acid. Researchers discovered that this simple B vitamin, taken before and during the first weeks of pregnancy, could slash the risk of these defects by up to 70%. It was a stunning victory. What if the hero of that story was the hidden culprit in this one? It’s a counterintuitive, almost heretical idea. How could something so unequivocally good for a developing fetus be a potential risk for the mother?

This is the puzzle that a group of Australian researchers recently set out to solve. They had a unique advantage, a kind of accidental time machine. Before the 2009 mandate, they had meticulously collected data on a large group of 1,164 pregnant women in a study called SCOPE. Years later, after the mandate had transformed the nation’s diet, they did it again, collecting identical data from 1,300 women in the STOP study.

They had two perfect snapshots: one from the world before mass folic acid fortification, and one from the world after. By comparing them, they could see what had changed. It was a perfect natural experiment.

And what they found was startling.

The first number they looked at was the rate of gestational diabetes. In the SCOPE group, before the fortification, the rate was 5.0%. In the STOP group, after the fortification? It had tripled, to 15.2%. The surge they were seeing in the national statistics was right there, in their own data.

The next question was the obvious one. What happened to the folate levels in these mothers? The answer was even more dramatic. Long-term folate stores, measured in the mothers’ red blood cells, had skyrocketed by an astonishing 259%.

Before 2009, it was almost unheard of for a pregnant woman to have too much folate. Only 1 in 200 of them did. After 2009, it became the new normal. A staggering 57.6% of the pregnant women had folate levels that exceeded the established upper clinical limit. In the noble quest to eliminate deficiency, Australia had inadvertently created an epidemic of excess.

The connection was more than just a coincidence. When the researchers looked closer at the women in the post-fortification group, a clear pattern emerged. Those with excess folate were 48% more likely to develop gestational diabetes. For every incremental jump in their folate stores, their risk ticked steadily upwards.

So the overdosing was clearly occurring and it was clearly causing harm, but why? The answer lay deep within the placenta, the command center of pregnancy. Think of it as a busy switchboard, constantly releasing hormones to orchestrate the mother’s metabolism for the baby’s benefit. The study found that the flood of folate was interfering with this complex signaling. Levels of key hormones like human placental lactogen (hPL) and placental growth hormone (GH2) were significantly altered. These hormones are designed to make the mother slightly more resistant to insulin, ensuring a steady supply of glucose gets shuttled across the placenta to the growing fetus. Baby gets fed first. But the excess folate appeared to be turning up the volume on this process too high. It was as if the extra folic acid was causing the switchboard to send out a barrage of scrambled signals, pushing the mother’s body from a state of mild, manageable insulin resistance into a full-blown case of gestational diabetes.

This isn’t to say that folic acid is the enemy. Its role in preventing birth defects remains crucial. But this is a powerful cautionary tale about unintended consequences. It reveals that in the delicate biological dance of pregnancy, there is a profound difference between  enough  and  too much .

For an expectant mother, the line between medicine and poison has become dangerously thin, measured in micrograms of a vitamin she can’t see or taste. On one side of that line lies the prevention of devastating birth defects. On the other, a personal risk of chronic disease. So where is the safe zone in this nutritional minefield? Health authorities in Australia have pinpointed a ‘Goldilocks zone’. They recommend women planning a pregnancy take a daily supplement of 400 to 600 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid. The established safe upper limit—the point beyond which the risks may begin to outweigh the benefits—is set at 1,000 micrograms per day.

A thousand micrograms might sound like a lot, but in a world of fortification, it’s surprisingly easy to reach. The prenatal supplement alone might contain up to 800 micrograms. Add to that the mandatory folic acid in your morning toast (around 120 micrograms in two slices) and a similar amount in a bowl of fortified breakfast cereal, and suddenly you are pushing right up against that upper limit, often without even realizing it. And that’s before you pop a multi-vitamin or two and take in another 200-400 micrograms.

This multivitamin contains 200 mcg folic acid per tablet.

There is an important distinction between the synthetic folic acid added to foods and supplements, and the natural folate found in leafy green vegetables, legumes, and broccoli. The body processes natural folate differently, and it doesn’t contribute to the risk of excess in the same way. The problem isn’t the spinach salad, it’s the invisible, cumulative dose from multiple fortified sources.

The practical advice, then, is not to avoid this crucial vitamin, but to become an accountant of it, to read the labels on supplements and cereals, to be mindful of the fortification in bread, and to talk with a doctor to ensure the total daily intake remains safely within that all-important ‘Goldilocks zone’.

But the consequences of this invisible overdose do not end at childbirth. Gestational diabetes is a stark prophecy, a metabolic preview of a woman’s future risk for Type 2 diabetes. This crucial time lag, often a decade or more, is why a parallel spike in Type 2 diabetes hasn’t been seen… yet. The cohort of mothers from the post-2009 GDM surge is only now coming due. A well-intentioned policy, designed to protect one generation, may have become the unwitting architect of a chronic disease crisis for the next. The final bill for this mass medication experiment is about to be paid, not just by these women, but by a healthcare system staring down the barrel of a tidal wave of chronic disease it helped create.

Picture a caveman, spear poised, facing down a sabre-toothed tiger. The adrenaline surges, the world narrows to a single, heart-pounding moment: Will he kill, or be killed?

Survival brings a rush of pleasure and exhilaration. This is the primal thrill that gambling simulates and taps into – a dopamine-fueled dance with risk that was once crucial for our survival. Long before they invented Fortnite, we had gambling for simulated life and death experiences. The rush of victory, the sting of defeat – it’s a rollercoaster our brains are hardwired to crave.

But here’s the devastating twist: In the modern world, that rollercoaster has become a runaway train, leaving a trail of destruction in its wake. Australians lose a staggering $25 billion each year on this ride, a figure that dwarfs the GDP of many small nations. 

This national crisis hides in plain sight, fueled by easy access to gambling. We’ve swapped spears for smartphones, tigers for pokies. Now, we can gamble anywhere, anytime. The life-or-death stakes of the hunt have vanished, but the addictive allure remains, amplified by uncertainty and chance. Poker machines alone – those addiction generators in pubs and clubs – account for nearly half of all gambling losses nationwide. They’re designed to hook us, to keep us chasing that elusive jackpot, one spin after another.

Young men are particularly susceptible because testosterone amplifies the dopamine hit we receive from danger even when it is just simulated danger. A chilling 41% gamble at least weekly, their brains hijacked by the pursuit of the next win. This isn’t just a pastime; it’s a pathway to addiction.  What was once a calculated risk for survival has become a compulsive chase for a high that always seems just out of reach.

Addiction begets addiction. The brain, craving dopamine, turns to smoking, drinking, and drugs. Mental illness follows addiction. Long-term addiction impairs judgement, leading to anxiety, paranoia, and even psychosis.  Tragically, the aggressive marketing of online gambling has coincided with a more than doubling of mental illness rates in young men. The constant bombardment of ads creates endless opportunities for addiction to take hold, further fueling the cycle of despair.

This cocktail of addiction and mental distress can create a breeding ground for violence. A 2022 study of individuals who had perpetrated domestic or sexual violence revealed the extent of this damage: over half screened positive for PTSD, a form of anxiety, and nearly a third met the criteria for anxiety or depression. The cycle is clear: addiction fuels mental illness, which in turn can escalate into abuse, perpetuating the cycle of trauma.

The fallout is devastating. In Victoria alone, the social costs reach $7 billion annually. But the true cost extends far beyond money. Addiction rewires the brain, destroying impulse control. Studies show a chilling link: financial stress from gambling dramatically increases the risk of domestic violence. The pressure of mounting debts, the desperation to recoup losses, can push individuals to the brink, creating a volatile environment where impulse control vanishes and abuse thrives. Recent government research shows that Australian women in households experiencing cash flow problems are five times more likely to experience partner violence.

The damage spills into our homes, leaving deep scars. Yet, we put the tools of addiction in every pocket, allow them to blare from our screens. It’s time to connect the dots. The gambling industry isn’t just draining wallets; it’s eroding mental well-being and fueling violence. We need to recognize the true cost of this addiction, not just in the billions of dollars lost, but in the countless minds and families shattered. It’s time to break the cycle and prioritise the well-being of Australians over the profits of an industry that thrives on addiction and despair.

The Australian Government spent a staggering $17 billion on prescription drugs last year.  But here’s the alarming truth: most of those pills are for conditions that are largely preventable.  We’re in the grip of a pill-popping epidemic, where our reliance on medication masks a deeper health crisis fueled by addiction, sugar and seed oil.

A decade of data on Australia’s most prescribed drugs reveals a troubling lack of progress in tackling preventable, chronic conditions. The data shows the extent to which these medications have become part of daily life for many Australians.

Here’s the 2023 breakdown along with comparisons to 2013 and 2020:

DrugConditionRank 2023Rank 2020Rank 2013AtorvastatinCholesterol111RosuvastatinCholesterol222AmlodipineBlood Pressure347PerindoprilBlood Pressure435TelmisartanBlood Pressure568CandesartanBlood Pressure65–SertralineDepression & Anxiety79–EscitalopramDepression & Anxiety8––MetforminType II Diabetes9106IrbesartanBlood Pressure107–These numbers tell a stark story:Cholesterol: A staggering 1 in 5 Australians are popping statins, a drug that treats nothing but is meant to lower the risk of future heart attacks. These powerful medications alter liver function, and evidence suggests the only clear beneficiaries are younger men who’ve already had a heart attack. For most, the risks of diabetes and dementia outweigh any potential gain.Blood Pressure: An alarming 1 in 3 Australian adults have high blood pressure, with a third of them relying on medication. Ironically, while many shun salt, recent research suggests fructose – the sweet half of sugar – may be the main culprit behind hypertension.Mental Health: Approximately 1 in 5 Australians took a mental health related drug last year, a concerning increase since 2020. This surge in medication use, coupled with rising rates of anxiety, depression, and self-harm, is a stark reminder that we are in the midst of a mental health crisis in this country.  This crisis has been massively accelerated by the unchecked proliferation of addictive gaming and gambling apps and social media platforms among teenagers.Diabetes: The prevalence of diabetes has more than doubled since the turn of the century, with prescriptions for diabetes medications surging by 24% in just the last three years.

The prevalence of these medications in the daily lives of so many Australians highlights the need for a shift in our approach to healthcare. We consume a mountain of statins in the hope (based on little to no convincing evidence) that they will prevent a disease caused by consuming sugar and seed oils. We rely heavily on blood pressure and diabetes medications for diseases definitively caused by sugar consumption. And we are massively increasing our consumption of medications aimed at relieving mental health problems associated with addictions to gaming, social media, and gambling. But rather than focusing on eliminating these problems or at least admitting they are problems, the solution appears to be to keep handing money to drug companies hawking dubious band-aids for mortal wounds.

It’s time for a radical shift in our healthcare approach. We must tackle the root causes of chronic diseases rather than pouring petrol on the bonfire of overmedication. We need to start holding policymakers accountable for promoting genuine health over pharmaceutical profits.

Australia, your liver is under attack. Liver cancer rates have more than doubled since 1996, a terrifying trend reflected in the latest Australian Cancer Atlas. Yet, experts are busy pointing fingers at obesity and couch potato lifestyles, a classic case of blaming the smoke for the fire.

Obesity doesn’t cause liver cancer, something else causes them both. Yes, our livers are turning into pâté, but it’s not because we ‘forgot’ to renew our gym membership. No, the culprit is far more pedestrian: the humble sugar cube. 

The driver for the acceleration in liver cancer is the explosion in liver disease. The latest figures reveal a chilling reality: the prevalence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) has surged to a staggering 38.8% – that’s nearly two in five of us. This silent epidemic is spreading faster than a bushfire in a heatwave, yet the experts seem more interested in fanning the flames of confusion than extinguishing them.

Liver disease is a silent plague, lurking in the shadows until it explodes into cirrhosis, liver failure, and even cancer. Our children aren’t spared either, with a shocking 12.9% of teenagers harbouring this ticking time bomb in their bellies.

The experts are fixated on obesity, wagging their fingers at our expanding waistlines like Victorian matrons. And while obesity rates have indeed climbed (a concerning 28% increase in the last decade), obesity is a symptom, not the cause. It’s like blaming a cough for pneumonia. The real villain is sugar, the sweet poison that’s quietly wreaking havoc on our insides.

Fructose, the destructive component of sugar, is a metabolic Trojan horse. It bypasses our body’s natural satiety signals, flooding our livers with fat. Studies have shown it can induce NAFLD in a matter of weeks, causing liver fat to skyrocket and inflammation to rage. It’s the dietary equivalent of pouring petrol on a bonfire.

The solution is blindingly simple: ditch the sugar. Just as a teetotaler can repair a booze-battered liver, a sugar abstainer can heal a NAFLD-ravaged one. Yet, our health experts remain stubbornly silent on this life-saving remedy, preferring to tell us we’re fat and peddle complex diets which rarely involve eliminating sugar.

The good news is that ditching sugar will also cure obesity – a two for one deal we can’t refuse.

Australians, it’s time to rise up against this sugary tyranny. Ignore the misguided experts and their fat-shaming lectures. Embrace the power of knowledge, cast off the shackles of sucrose, and reclaim your liver health. Spread the word, educate your friends, and let’s send Big Sugar packing. Our livers will thank us.

The NAFLD crisis is a national disgrace, but it’s not a death sentence. By quitting sugar, we can turn the tide, prevent countless cases of liver disease and ultimately liver cancer, and save lives. Let’s reject the misinformation, embrace the sweet simplicity of the cure, and give our livers the fighting chance they deserve.

What if food restriction fuels the cycle, not breaks it?

Imagine a netball carnival buzzing with teenage energy – a kaleidoscope of team colours and high-fives. Beneath the surface of this vibrant scene, a silent disease persists, one measured not in coughs and sniffles, but in barely touched lunches and secretly discarded snacks. This is the hidden world of teenage eating disorders, where food avoidance can mask a complex neurological struggle.

We’re used to thinking of addiction as a state of excess – the insatiable craving for more drugs, more alcohol, more stimulation. But what if anorexia nervosa represents a chilling flipside? What if the relentless restriction we see in some teens is fueled by a reward system chronically deprived of even the smallest pleasures? This theory, known as the inverse addiction hypothesis, proposes that a chronically under-stimulated reward system can fuel the restrictive behaviours seen in anorexia nervosa. 

The Inverse Addiction Hypothesis

Could a starved reward system drive anorexia nervosa?  This theory suggests that restricting food intake for prolonged periods may have profound effects on the brain’s reward pathways, making it difficult to find satisfaction in eating.

The Starved Brain

In the world of addiction, a protein called DeltaFosB plays a crucial role. It accumulates in the brain’s reward system with repeated exposure to pleasurable stimulation, often triggered by dopamine spikes. Over time, this buildup of DeltaFosB leads to tolerance: we need a bigger hit to achieve the same level of pleasure, reinforcing compulsive behaviours in a quest for that initial feeling. But what happens when the stimulation is absent?

Some researchers theorise that prolonged food restriction, regardless of the cause, may lead to abnormally low levels of DeltaFosB. While research is ongoing, this offers a possible explanation: with chronic undernourishment, the brain might decrease DeltaFosB production. This decrease could then trigger a vicious cycle of further restriction. Because DeltaFosB levels are low, the brain misinterprets even small amounts of dopamine, released in response to any eating, as a signal of fullness.  This leads the individual to restrict their intake even further, but this only worsens the problem. With continued restriction, DeltaFosB levels are likely to decline even further, perpetuating the cycle until the sufferer cannot consume any food at all.

The Testosterone Factor and Dopamine

Testosterone, a hormone much more prevalent in males, is a dopamine stimulant. This means that adolescent boys, who generally have access to levels of testosterone hundreds of times higher than adolescent girls, have higher baseline levels of both dopamine and DeltaFosB. This may offer some protection against the inverse addiction cycle of anorexia nervosa.

This biological difference could be a contributing factor to the significantly higher rates of anorexia nervosa in adolescent girls compared to boys (often a tenfold difference). Girls, with much lower baseline testosterone levels and therefore potentially less dopamine stimulation, might be more susceptible to the development of the reward system dysfunction seen in anorexia.

Beyond the Surface

It’s important to note that unlike traditional addictions, anorexia nervosa does not appear to be increasing in incidence. It remains a relatively rare disorder, affecting a small minority of people (approximately 0.1% to 0.2%) with a significant gender disparity – the overwhelming majority of sufferers are female. This pattern of rarity and stable incidence strongly suggests that predisposition plays a crucial role, with biology influencing who is most likely to develop the condition.

And not everyone is equally susceptible to reward system dysfunction. Emerging research offers a fascinating glimpse into factors that might influence a teen’s predisposition to different eating disorders. Think of your index finger and ring finger: the difference in their lengths (the 2D:4D ratio) may reflect how much testosterone and oestrogen a foetus was exposed to. Some studies suggest that girls with lower 2D:4D ratios (meaning, likely higher prenatal testosterone) might have a higher susceptibility to anorexia, potentially due to a hypersensitive reward system. Those with higher 2D:4D ratios might be more likely to develop bulimia, perhaps linked to a blunted reward response, making them more attracted to food.

The Path Forward

Acknowledging the potential biological underpinnings of anorexia doesn’t mean excusing it or minimising the psychological struggle. Eating disorders are complex, influenced by genetics, environment, and individual experiences. But if the inverse addiction hypothesis proves true, it could revolutionise how we approach these conditions:

Reframe Our Understanding: Instead of seeing anorexia as purely about willpower or body image, we might focus on a brain being satisfied way before the body actually is.Compassionate Treatment: By understanding the neurological factors, we can reduce stigma and tailor treatments to rebalance the starved reward system– potentially including therapies that directly target these reward system deficiencies.Early Intervention: Research into prenatal influences may help identify at-risk teens, offering preventative support.

The adolescent meticulously restricting their food deserves our empathy, not our judgement. The answers to eating disorders may lie in the hidden workings of the teenage brain, and a better understanding might pave the way for healing.

Why clear labelling is the first step in reclaiming our health

We like to think we’re in control – especially when it comes to the basics, like what we put in our bodies. We buy groceries, scan nutrition labels, and make conscious choices. That’s the comforting story we tell ourselves. But what if our understanding of the choices we make about food is fundamentally flawed? The unfortunate truth is the average Australian consumes over 40 teaspoons of sugar each day. We eat most of that without even realising it. Why? Because the food industry has turned the supermarket into a minefield of confusion.

Sugar, Cocaine, and the Illusion of Choice

Sugar isn’t just about empty calories.  It’s a weaponised ingredient, as addictive as cocaine – and the companies know it. That’s why they hide it under dozens of innocent-sounding names, lurking in your “natural” yoghurt, your “low-fat” salad dressing, even savoury items like baked beans. Think your BBQ sauce is safe?  Think again – it often has more sugar than chocolate sauce! You dutifully scan labels for calories, fat content, or maybe even sodium, completely unaware that the truly dangerous component is slipping by in the fine print.

Sugar is a slow poison, destroying our bodies from the inside out.  Obesity, now a global epidemic, fuels a devastating chain reaction of health problems. Sugar throws your hormones into chaos, paving the way for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.  This leaves you feeling hungry and exhausted, even when you’re eating enough.  And it’s not just about weight — sugar is a major contributor to heart disease, the world’s leading killer.

The damage goes even deeper.  Sugar feeds certain cancers, particularly those of the pancreas and liver. It fogs your mind,  steals your memory, and even speeds up the ageing process. This isn’t about dieting;  it’s about survival.  A high-sugar diet strains our healthcare systems, shortens lives, and steals precious years with loved ones.

Sugar hijacks your brain’s reward centres, just like addictive substances. Your innocent bowl of breakfast cereal becomes the first shot in a cycle: spike, crash, repeat.  This isn’t willpower failing – it’s your neurochemistry fighting back to recapture that feeling of pleasure. It’s a cycle most of us are stuck in, and they designed it that way.  It’s your brain rebelling against a chemical onslaught, and while you’re waging war with your willpower, they’re counting their money.

It’s not about weakness, it’s about a rigged game.  We’re asked to decipher complex codes while our own biology, hijacked by hidden sugar, sabotages us from within.  We deserve better.

When “Healthy” Means Profit, Not Nutrition

The food industry’s stance on labelling is a masterclass in hypocrisy. In the US Companies behind cereals like Froot Loops, their boxes plastered with cartoon mascots, desperately cling to the word “healthy”. It’s a calculated gamble, banking on the US regulators backing down rather than risk lawsuits and industry outrage. After all, if “healthy” has any real meaning, these sugar bombs are no better than lollies disguised as breakfast. They target kids, manipulating reward systems and taste buds with sugar, artificial colours and flavours while providing zero nutritional value. It’s a brazen scheme, one that depends on obscuring the truth from worried parents. Regulators look the other way, bought off by lobbyist cash while our bodies pay the price. It’s a sweet deal for the industry, a bitter pill for our health.

History in a Sugar-Coated Shell

This fight is a rerun of Big Tobacco’s playbook. Remember those ads featuring smiling doctors pushing cigarettes? We’ve been here before. But today, instead of smoke-filled offices, it’s supermarket aisles lined with “wholesome” cereals. Forget hidden ingredients in tiny fonts; imagine soft drinks with stark warning labels like cigarette packs. It works: in the UK, Chile and Israel, clear “high in sugar” labels have driven down consumption, empowered shoppers, and prompted companies to change. Imagine a world where you don’t have to decipher codes to avoid accidentally poisoning your family.

The Real Battleground

But true change means more than labels. It’s about making truly healthy options as enticing, accessible, and yes, as profitable for companies as their sugary traps. Until nutritious food is as aggressively marketed and widely available, we’re fighting a losing battle. For now, the industry profits, kids become addicted, and our health spirals downward. This is a fight for the future, and it begins with demanding honesty on the shelves.

The Sweet Smell of Revolution

Picture your local supermarket. Aisles overflowing with processed foods, their addictive ingredients masked by bright colours and clever slogans. This isn’t about feeding our bodies, it’s about feeding profits. We deserve better!. Imagine shops where instead every aisle offers mouthwatering, satisfying foods that actually make you healthier. Imagine that being the easy choice, the profitable choice…or maybe they’d rather keep selling us slow-acting poison disguised as breakfast.

Right now, we’re losing a war waged with hidden sugar and deceptive marketing. Let’s demand clear sugar labelling on every product. Let’s make it easy to spot the garbage. Let’s make it easy for people to vote with their wallet. That’s how we create change, one shopping trip at a time. The revolution starts at the checkout.

The obesity epidemic has reached “crisis” status, which usually means it’s time for desperate measures and terrible advice. And boy, have we gotten some doozies thanks to some nutrition ‘scientists’ misinterpreting physics and the irresistible power of sugar.

Somewhere along the way, we fell for the first law of thermodynamics, which isn’t about thrilling roller coaster rides, sadly. It states that energy can’t be created or destroyed. While that’s true in a closed system, our bodies are anything but!  This oversimplified idea led to the ‘calories in, calories out’ mantra. Sounds logical, right? Eat less, move more, and voila! Except, just like those “one simple trick” internet ads, human bodies don’t fall for that kind of simplicity.

Blaming our expanding waistlines on laziness and greed would be convenient, and that’s exactly what diet culture loves to do. But it ignores the biological battleground raging inside us. If you’ve ever felt driven to demolish that entire family-sized packet of Tim Tams while your brain screams, “Stop!”, you’ve experienced this firsthand. Blame fructose, that hidden sugar in everything delicious. It’s like your hormones are trying to send an important email, but fructose keeps hitting “spam.”

Those hormones, leptin and insulin, work together like a well-oiled machine to regulate your appetite. Leptin, produced by fat cells, signals to your brain that you’re satisfied and have enough energy stores. Insulin, released by the pancreas in response to rising blood sugar levels (like after a meal), promotes feelings of fullness and helps your body store excess glucose for later use.

Fructose, however, throws a wrench into this delicate system. Here’s the breakdown:

Fructose Bypasses the Leptin System: Unlike glucose, the primary sugar found in starchy foods, fructose doesn’t effectively stimulate leptin production. This means your body doesn’t receive the “all good” signal, leaving you feeling hungry even after consuming fructose-laden foods.
Fructose Fuels Fat Production: The liver is the primary place where fructose is metabolised. Excess fructose gets rapidly converted into fat, particularly a type called triglycerides. This can promote fat storage, particularly in the liver, contributing to conditions like fatty liver disease.
Fructose and the Reward System: Fructose also directly stimulates the reward centres in the brain, similar to addictive drugs. This creates a cycle of craving more sugary foods, leading to overconsumption and weight gain.

By disrupting these hormonal signals and promoting fat production, fructose tricks your body into thinking it needs more fuel, even when you don’t. This is why you might find yourself reaching for another Tim Tam or a handful of chips despite feeling like you just ate. Picture your appetite as a runaway train fueled by processed food, and willpower as a desperate koala trying to block the tracks. It’s not going to end well for the koala.

This hormonal chaos is why diets usually end in binge-eating frenzies (and a renewed appreciation for stretchy pants). Bariatric surgery? That’s like putting a speed bump on the runaway train – it works for a while, but your body is determined to regain its set point. It’s a marvel of adaptation, just the wrong kind when fighting a battle of the bulge.

So, what’s the solution? Well, it certainly isn’t counting every calorie like a neurotic accountant or joining that gym you’ll never actually attend. Let’s ditch the outdated physics misinterpretations and focus on what truly drives the runaway train:

Fructose is the Enemy: Processed foods are where fructose really hides, wreaking havoc on your hunger signals. It’s not just the obvious culprits like chocolates and soft drinks.  Think sneaky additions like flavoured yoghurts, breakfast cereals, sauces, and even seemingly ‘healthy’ muesli bars. Here’s how to fight back:Read Labels Religiously: Fructose goes by many names – sugar, high-fructose corn syrup, agave nectar, fruit juice concentrate – learn them all.  Don’t buy food which contains more than 3g of sugar per 100g.Swap Sweet Treats: Craving something sweet? Reach for whole fruit, which delivers fructose alongside fibre, helping to balance the impact.DIY is Best: Make your own dressings, sauces, and snacks to eliminate the added sugar. It’s easier than you think, and your taste buds will adjust!Fat Isn’t the Villain: Remember all those low-fat snacks? Turns out healthy saturated fats like those found in meat, dairy, avocados, coconuts, macadamias, and olives can help you feel full and satisfied.

The obesity crisis is a beast, fueled by bad science and the food industry’s relentless quest for profit. But with solutions rooted in real biochemistry, not misapplied physics textbooks, we can fight back. And maybe, just maybe, relegate those stretchy pants to the back of the closet once and for all.

Picture yourself in a dimly lit casino, locked in a high-stakes poker game. Your opponent is unnervingly calm, sporting a grin like a shark that just smelled a bleeding guppy. They bet aggressively, with an air of absolute certainty that makes you question not only your own hand, but your grasp on reality itself. Worst of all, you slowly realise the deck is rigged, the dice loaded, and your opponent couldn’t care less about being caught. And did I mention they have a photo of the casino owner doing something deeply questionable with a goat? Welcome to the soul-crushing reality of dealing with a true psychopath.

It’s not mere selfishness or a lack of conscience that sets them apart, sadistic though those traits may be. Psychopaths exist on a different plane, a cruel game of Monopoly where they start with all the Hotels and a “Get Out of Jail Free” card tattooed on their forearm. Imagine empathy as a fundamental sense they simply lack – like a blind person unable to see colour, or a deaf person unable to hear a symphony. This manifests in their inability to feel guilt or remorse. It is a profound disconnect, confirmed by brain scans revealing eerily dark regions where compassion should reside.

Experiments with electric shocks (performed at a time when ethical concerns were less pressing) have proved psychopaths lack the fundamental fear response most of us take for granted. No sweaty palms before a big lie, no racing heart when they casually throw a colleague under the bus to seize credit. This unflinching boldness might be the envy of the boardroom and the Parliament, but it’s deeply unnerving when used to systematically dismantle your sanity.

So, if you were hoping a well-crafted moral lecture might reignite their dormant conscience, save your breath. You have a better chance of teaching a goldfish to tap dance. Confronting a psychopath is like shouting insults at a particularly smug brick wall – satisfying for approximately five seconds, and guaranteed to backfire spectacularly. These monsters view any disagreement, even minor dissent, as a declaration of war. Their preferred method of vengeance is the meticulously crafted takedown, executed with the precision of a hitman and the deniability of a seasoned politician caught with his trousers around someone else’s ankles.

What, then, can you do besides fleeing to a remote island (which probably has terrible WiFi and far too many spiders)? You need to change the game they think they’re playing. They operate in a world devoid of genuine affection, where the only currency is power and manipulation. Render yourself utterly useless in this economy by employing the following tactics:

Prioritise Self-Preservation: Walking away might feel like defeat when every movie has taught you to fight back. But with the psychopath, disengagement is victory. They thrive on chaos and conflict, so starve them of the drama.
Embrace the Banal: Channel your inner tax auditor. Be meticulously polite, relentlessly boring. Refuse to offer juicy personal details, no tears, no outbursts. They depend on exploiting your vulnerabilities, so don’t hand them the ammunition.
Document Everything, Discreetly: From a suspicious “scheduling error” that tanked your project to those snide comments disguised as jokes – this is your evidence. Psychopaths are masters of plausible deniability, but a pattern of cruelty is hard to dismiss. Share this documentation only with those you absolutely, irrefutably trust (and check their closets for recording devices, just to be safe).
Grey Rock Supreme: This isn’t just about acting dull. Limit all information, even benign details. Short, factual responses are your weapon. They want to dissect your personality for weaknesses. Become unreadable, as thrilling as a beige phonebook.
Unexpected Alliances: Psychopaths often create a court of admirers via charm and intimidation. Remember, they’ve likely discarded countless others along the way – the quiet ones, the kind souls who were deemed too naive for their games, or the people who wised up too quickly. Seek these people out discreetly, build a network of support outside the psychopath’s sphere of influence, a resistance army of the quietly sane.

It may feel deeply unsatisfying, this war waged with subtle manoeuvres instead of a triumphant public showdown. But true victory lies in recognizing the psychopath’s fundamental difference, refusing to play their twisted game. The good news is, psychopaths can’t truly understand the human connection and happiness they lack. The bad news is, they’re often very good at making sure you can’t enjoy it either. Their games are exhausting, designed to wear you down. But true victory lies in not letting them steal your joy or your sanity.

Sperm counts are in freefall, plummeting by 75% since 1940. The culprit isn’t the weather – it’s in your pantry. Australia’s scorching temperatures might be grabbing  headlines, but they’re a distraction from the real threat to our fertility. Dr Devini Ameratunga, Clinical Lead of Fertility Preservation at the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital has urged bosses to protect their workers’ fertility, as climate change, rising temperatures and tight tradie shorts all add to a rapid decline in the sperm quality of Queensland men.  But could the real culprit behind “spermageddon” be something far more common – hiding in plain sight on our supermarket shelves – polyunsaturated, vegetable oils?

Since the 1940s, sperm counts across the Western world have been mysteriously dropping. The situation has dramatically worsened since the 1990s, with modern sperm counts now a mere quarter of those measured in 1940. Our reproductive capacity is in a tailspin, and the rate of decline is accelerating.

Like applying a bandaid to a broken leg, frantically addressing surface-level issues won’t solve the problem. While lowering the heat and making better fashion choices definitely won’t hurt, the real danger lies within: the cheap, industrial seed oils that have ruthlessly infiltrated our food supply. This isn’t about a heatwave, it’s about a century-long war on our reproductive health.

The science tells a chilling tale. Seed oils are laden with highly reactive polyunsaturated fats. When these fats meet with the oxygen we breathe, they create toxic substances – aldehydes. Think of aldehydes as tiny biological bombs, wreaking havoc on our cells. Sperm cells, with their delicate membranes, are particularly vulnerable to these attacks. These toxic compounds attack sperm directly, causing mutations, reduced motility (how well they swim), and decreased fertility. 

Our bodies have natural antioxidant defences to neutralise these damaging aldehydes. But when we flood our systems with seed oils – through deep-fried foods, processed snacks, and even supposedly “healthy” margarine – we overwhelm our protective systems. This creates a state of internal oxidative stress, a biological inferno where our cellular structures, including sperm, are systematically assaulted.

The statistics are alarming. Testicular cancer, a clear sign of DNA damage, has increased fourfold since the 1940s. Meanwhile, the amount of seed oils in our diet has skyrocketed – multiplying by a factor of five. The correlation is too significant to ignore.

Focusing on Australian heat and restrictive clothing misses the bigger picture. This isn’t about swapping tradie shorts for breezy linen pants, but taking a hard look at what’s on our plates. The real issue lies within our bodies, poisoned by a flood of toxic , so called ‘healthier’, seed oils.

Framing this crisis as a mere matter of temperature or fashion is a convenient smokescreen. It shifts the blame onto individuals, absolving the corporations that mass-produce and aggressively market these potentially harmful fats. Don’t get me wrong, working in extreme heat and wearing tight clothing won’t help, but it misdirects attention from the true culprit.

The heat narrative is a distraction concealing the deeper crisis. What lurks beneath the surface is a potential catastrophe fueled by a century of dietary manipulation. To regain control, we need a drastic shift in our food system. We will not accept anything less than:

Transparency: Clear labelling of all seed oils in our food supply.Science-backed dietary guidelines: Information that reflects the growing research on the potential dangers of excessive seed-oil consumption. Consequences for health bodies that continue to recommend seed oils despite the danger: Demand accountability from these institutions and call attention to the potential harm caused by outdated and potentially harmful recommendations.Support for a return to traditional fats: Promotion of healthy fats like butter, ghee, fruit oils (Olive, Avocado and Coconut), and animal fats. Reframing these as a safer and more sustainable option.

It’s time to question the ingredients (and institutions) we’ve blindly trusted. Silence from health authorities is complicity in the deliberate poisoning of our population. 

Our future depends on our ability to demand better from the food industry. It’s time to question the status quo and make the hard choices necessary to reclaim our reproductive health. If not, the consequences could be devastating – a silent unravelling of our ability to reproduce.

Ditching seed oils, rediscovering the joys of real butter and animal fat will give our swimmers a fighting chance. And let’s be honest, a world where good food fuels both a healthy body and a healthy population sounds like a win-win.

Have you ever encountered someone who seemed too good to be true, only to discover a darker side carefully concealed beneath their charming exterior?  In his groundbreaking 1941 book, “The Mask of Sanity”, Hervey Cleckley used the term “psychopath” broadly to describe individuals deeply lacking in empathy. This includes what we commonly label as narcissists, sociopaths, and manipulative bullies.  Understanding their tactics is crucial for self-protection. Cleckley outlined the core traits of a psychopath, traits which make them exceptionally dangerous manipulators.

The Facade of Charm and Sincerity

Psychopaths deliberately project an image of likability and trustworthiness. This superficial charm disarms their targets, making it harder to detect their true intentions. They may seem genuinely invested in you, but their interest is purely self-serving.

Self-Serving Lies and Deception

Psychopaths lie effortlessly to achieve their goals. They may fabricate stories, twist truths, or deny wrongdoing, even when faced with evidence. Their goal is to confuse you, so you begin to doubt your own perceptions.

Emotional Exploitation and the Absence of Empathy

Psychopaths lack genuine empathy, making them experts at weaponizing your emotions. They identify your vulnerabilities and twist them ruthlessly. They might seem genuinely supportive, then deliberately undermine you, leaving you feeling foolish for believing in them. Their goal is to undermine your self-confidence and leave you feeling dependent on their approval.

Grandiosity and a Need for Control

Driven by an inflated sense of self-importance, psychopaths manipulate to dominate others. They might use gaslighting to make you question your sanity, or isolate you from your support systems. Their aim is to break down your resistance, maintaining absolute control.

How to Protect Yourself

Trust but verify: Approach overly charming individuals with a healthy dose of scepticism. Watch for inconsistencies in their words and actions. Give much more weight to their actions than their words.Guard your emotions: If you find yourself overly apologetic, constantly second-guessing yourself, or feeling emotionally drained, it’s time to take a step back. A healthy relationship should not leave you persistently insecure.Set firm boundaries: Don’t be afraid to say no and prioritise your own well-being.Listen to your intuition: If something feels persistently off or unsettling, don’t ignore it. Your intuition is often your subconscious picking up on subtle manipulation.Seek outside help: If you suspect manipulation, confide in a trusted friend, family member, or therapist. They can offer clarity and help you regain your power.

Key Points

Psychopaths manipulate for their own gain, fueled by grandiosity and a complete lack of empathy. Understanding their tactics and the devastating impact they can have is crucial to protecting yourself. By prioritising your emotional well-being and setting boundaries, you can break free from their control.