Debra Horwitz

“The Biology of Animal Stress, prenatal exposure to elevated levels of stress hormones, such as cortisol and adrenaline, can set puppies up to develop abnormal brain chemistries, specifically, an abnormal regulation in the pathway between the hypothalamus in the brain and the adrenal glands (glands that produce stress-related hormones), called the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. HPA axis abnormalities can lead to anxiety, fear, and even aggression problems as adults.”
― American College of Veterinary Behaviorists, Decoding Your Dog: Explaining Common Dog Behaviors and How to Prevent or Change Unwanted Ones

“Keeping in mind that jumping is usually an attempt to get attention, the solution to most jumping problems is to ignore the behavior. Do not speak to the dog or look at him or touch him. Turn your back. If he jumps on your back, leave the room. The behavior will eventually be extinguished.”
― American College of Veterinary Behaviorists, Decoding Your Dog: Explaining Common Dog Behaviors and How to Prevent or Change Unwanted Ones