The evolution of charedi rabbinic opinions on IDF enlistment is extraordinary. The Chazon Ish sought exemption for a few hundred yeshiva students to rebuild the losses of the Holocaust, but ruled that if there is a military need, yeshiva students must enlist. The charedi rabbinic leaders of the next generation, such as Rav Shach and Rav Shteinman, believed in exempting endless thousands of yeshiva students, but were adamant that every charedi young man who is not learning must enlist, as otherwi...