Calculation

A calculation is a deliberate process that transforms one or more inputs into one or more results, with variable change. The term is used in a variety of senses, from the very definite arithmetical calculation of using an algorithm, to the vague heuristics of calculating a strategy in a competition, or calculating the chance of a successful relationship between two people.

For example, multiplying 7 by 6 is a simple algorithmic calculation. Estimating the fair price for financial instruments using the Black–Scholes model is a complex algorithmic calculation.

Statistical estimations of the likely
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The Inner Game of Chess: How to Calculate and Win
The Ultimate Pharmacy Calculations Guide
A Curious History of Mathematics: The Big Ideas from Early Number Concepts to Chaos Theory
A Tour of the Calculus
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Advanced Engineering Mathematics
A Wavelet Tour of Signal Processing: The Sparse Way
Ordinary Differential Equations (Dover Books on Mathematics)

Charles Dickens
[S]he stood for some moments gazing at the sisters, with affection beaming in one eye, and calculation shining out of the other.
Charles Dickens , Martin Chuzzlewit

Life without numbers is inconceivable for us. How else would we count objects, tell time, calculate prices, and so on? Our scientifically and technically advanced culture simply would not exist without numbers.
Andreas Nieder, A Brain for Numbers: The Biology of the Number Instinct

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