“Making analyticity depend on logic raises some difficult problems. We must ask about the status of the logical laws used to prove analyticity. Are these laws analytic or synthetic? It is unlikely anyone would claim that laws of logic are derived from experience. Even die-hard empiricists like Hume have recognized the a priori character of logical laws. Besides, if these laws are derived from experience, they are contingent and dependent on fact and therefore cannot serve as a basis for making a distinction between analytic and synthetic judgements. On the other hand, if they are analytic, all we have done is explain analyticity in terms of analyticity. In this case, to say that analytic truths are those that are purely logical is merely to say that analytic truths are those that are analytic! This is hardly helpful.”