“Beginning in the mid to late 1980s, poverty, underdevelopment, economic dependence, ethnic and class conflict, lack of political practices prioritizing equal citizenship rights, and fragile political and economic institutions all came to be structural handicaps from the legacy of European colonialism. Colonialism was not the source of all of Africa’s problems, but it was a significant contributor. What”
― Identity, Citizenship, and Political Conflict in Africa
― Identity, Citizenship, and Political Conflict in Africa
Abdirahman’s 2025 Year in Books
Take a look at Abdirahman’s Year in Books, including some fun facts about their reading.
More friends…
Favorite Genres
Polls voted on by Abdirahman
Lists liked by Abdirahman




















