Laith Wark

“urban surfaces such as roofs and pavements are routinely heated by the sun to temperatures 27–50°C (50–90°F) hotter than the air.”
― Lisa Mummery Gartland, Heat Islands: Understanding and Mitigating Heat in Urban Areas

“Temperatures of dark, dry surfaces in direct sun can reach up to 88°C (190°F) during the day, while vegetated surfaces with moist soil under the same conditions might reach only 18°C (70°F).”
― Lisa Mummery Gartland, Heat Islands: Understanding and Mitigating Heat in Urban Areas

“The magnitude and importance of urban surface temperatures in a heat island were not fully appreciated until they were first visualized from the air in the 20th century.”
― Lisa Mummery Gartland, Heat Islands: Understanding and Mitigating Heat in Urban Areas

“Peak heat island magnitudes as large as 7°C (12°F) have been recorded”
― Lisa Mummery Gartland, Heat Islands: Understanding and Mitigating Heat in Urban Areas