Laith Wark

“Temperatures of dark, dry surfaces in direct sun can reach up to 88°C (190°F) during the day, while vegetated surfaces with moist soil under the same conditions might reach only 18°C (70°F).”
― Lisa Mummery Gartland, Heat Islands: Understanding and Mitigating Heat in Urban Areas

“Heat islands do not just cause a bit of additional, minor discomfort. Their higher temperatures, lack of shade and role in increasing air pollution have serious effects on human mortality and disease.”
― Lisa Mummery Gartland, Heat Islands: Understanding and Mitigating Heat in Urban Areas

“urban surfaces such as roofs and pavements are routinely heated by the sun to temperatures 27–50°C (50–90°F) hotter than the air.”
― Lisa Mummery Gartland, Heat Islands: Understanding and Mitigating Heat in Urban Areas

“Between 45 and 75 per cent of worldwide carbon emissions are controlled by or attributed to urban areas.7,”
― Stephen R.J. Sheppard, Visualizing Climate Change: A Guide to Visual Communication of Climate Change and Developing Local Solutions