Michael Crouch

“By 1887, the Outlanders were powerful enough to gain control of the Hawaiian legislature and force monarchial leader, King Kalakaua, to adopt their Constitution, without ever submitting the document to a popular vote. The newly-established legislature was empowered to dismiss Cabinet officers and override the King’s vetoes. Only those with sufficient land holdings were allowed to vote, which disenfranchised most natives. Conversely, all white males, who had resided in Hawaii for at least three years, were allowed to vote, even if they were not naturalized citizens. By the beginning of the 1890s, the so-called “Reformists” or “Annexationists” had stripped native Hawaiians of their independence.”
― Jeffrey K. Smith, Grover Cleveland: The Last Conservative Democratic President

“Unwilling to permit catastrophic civil obedience, President Cleveland sought and received a federal court injunction against the strike on July 2nd, which ordered Debs and the other union members “absolutely to desist and refrain from in any way or manner interfering with, hindering, obstructing, or stopping, any of the business of any of the railroads as common carriers of passengers and freight between or among a number of states…” When the strikers failed to obey the injunction, Cleveland not only authorized Attorney General Olney (a former railroad lawyer) to appoint a special counsel, Edwin Walker, to assist the U.S. Attorney in Chicago, but also dispatched 3,600 special deputies, funded by the General Manager’s Union (GMA), to the Chicago area, to operate railroads under federal government control. The President’s decision was made in spite of Governor Altgeld’s protests that local authorities could handle the disruption of mail service.”
― Jeffrey K. Smith, Grover Cleveland: The Last Conservative Democratic President

“On January 14, 1893, 160 Marines came ashore from the U.S. warship Boston. Bolstered by two artillery pieces, the Marines assisted the Outlanders, who deposed Queen Liliuokalani in a bloodless coup. Ambassador Stevens immediately recognized a new provisional government, raised the American flag over government buildings, and disenfranchised native Hawaiians.”
― Jeffrey K. Smith, Grover Cleveland: The Last Conservative Democratic President

“On July 2nd, Cleveland convened a Cabinet meeting to discuss the railroad strike. Prior to the meeting, the President had met with General Nelson Miles, Commander of the Army’s Western Department. In Miles’ opinion, it was not yet necessary to send in troops to quell the labor uprising, with Secretary of War Lamont in concurrence. When Attorney General Olney arrived at the Cabinet meeting and presented the telegram from the U.S. Marshall, which had also been endorsed by a Judge, P.S. Grosscup, and Thomas E. Milchrist, the U.S. Attorney for Chicago, Lamont changed his mind.”
― Jeffrey K. Smith, Grover Cleveland: The Last Conservative Democratic President