Status Updates From How Not to Network a Nation...

Institute of Cybernetics and CEMI
1965: Fedorenko and Glushkov meet with Ministry of Defense
1970: Politburo's review of OGAS
1972: Glushkov's plane sabotaged
1977: The State declassifies the OGAS project
Glushkov believed bureaucracy could be reformed with tech, but only with commensurate social and economic reforms.
Mikhail Molseevich Botvinnik and Soviet Chess

Summary and analysis
Outline of Soviet Government

Viktor Glushkov's early life
OGAS project's vision and early proposals/history

Lebedev's laboratory, Glushkov taking it over, Cybertonia

Kitov's 1959 "red book" letter the first to propose a national civilian network anywhere, subsequent show trial
Military-civilian divide

1959.10: Sputnik I spurs the creation of ARPANET
1973: ARPA funding cut, researchers migrate to industry (p.93)
US: less military-civilian divide

Paul Baran
Aleksandr Kharkevich: ESS, Kharkevich's law
N.I. Kovalev's rational system

Mapping of technological and political systems

Anatoly Kitov
US SAGE system, Soviet response with System A, Tetiva and the space surveillance system.
Kitov's "Digital Computing Machines" the first Soviet book on computers.

Soviet Heterarchy, formal vs. informal economy, dependence of private life and the formal economy on informal economy connections.
The Soviet State embodied informal bargaining, even Stalin used it.

Separate telephone lines to the same supervisor.
Hiring and promotion often relied on bonds and "career friendships"

Bureaucrats and politicians scrambled their own orders to preserve their personal careers.

Descriptions of Soviet Command economy and heterarchy, Gosplan and Gossnab.
Short history of the Russian Revolution.
Coordination between Gosplan, Gossnab was taxing.
ZIL/Likachev factory
Khruschev's decentralizing
Alex Galloway: Control does not necessarily dissipate with decentralized networks
Economic camps: Orthodox, Liberal (Libermanist), Cybernetic
Leonid Kantorovich (1912-1986)

Andrey Kolmogorov, Aksel' Berg and the est. of Council of Cybernetics in 1959.
Aksel' Berg's series Cybernetics: In the Service of Communism caused debate internally and concern externally.

Norbert Wiener's 1960 visit to Moscow, his warning. Many of his books were translated to Russian and are popular today.

Ratio Club
Cybernetics in Chile and Project Cybersyn, Stafford Beer
Soviet Reception of Cybernetics, smear campaign from 1951-1955, and rehabilitation efforts after Stalin's death from 1954-1959.

Kitov discovers Wiener's Cybernetics, shows to Lyapunov, encourages to write paper with Sergei Sobolev.
Problems of Philosophy editors want permission from Communist Party
Saraya Square wants to do "public lectures" first.

History of Cybernetics, Macy Conferences
Norbert Wiener's book Cybernetics, his concept of feedback
Markets, Hierarchy and Warren MCulloch's concept of Heterarchy
Claude E. Shannon's work at Bell Labs, theory of communication of data influencing computing in the 70s.

Post-war receoption of Cybernetics in the west