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On the other hand, each little life is a small cosmos on itself, a litlle world.
That little worls is our oyster. Where our small acts of kindneas do make a difference.

The ripple effect: every little thing we do, has repercussions that can reach far.

“The wonderful life theory”: a social-behaviour variation on the Butterfly Effect. I.e. the flap of a butterfly’s wings in one part of the globe can be the determinjng cause of a hurricane in the other side of the globe. A small event can generate big changes.

DAVID HUME (1711-1776) - British empiricist, philosopher

The Life of man is of no greater importance to the universe than that of an oyster.

It implies that our individual lives are so puny against the backdrop of the huge cosmos, as to be utterly meaningless. Not worth more than the oyster.
But perhaps, there is another way of looking at it.

ARISTOTLES (384-322BC), Greek philosopher
Love is composed of a single soul inhabiting 2 bodies. Soul mate implies: Complete friendship.
Instead of “friendships for utility”, nor
“Friendships solely for pleasure” !
It’s a good feeling & idea to find a relationship in which you just naturally want to be good to eachother. A relationship in which you can do good to the ither aimply by being yourself.

PAUL TILLICH (1886-1965) , Theologian
Our language has wisely sensed the 2 sides of being alone. It has created the word “loneliness” to express the pain of being alone. And it haa created the word “solitude” to express the glory of being alone.

Albert Einstein: I live in that solitude which is painful in youth, but delicious in the years of maturity.

فكروا في تلك اللحظات النادرة في حياتنا عندما نجلس حول طاولة مع الأشخاص الذين نحبهم. فكروا في الهدوء والمودة التي نشعر بهما في تلك اللحظات. يبدو الأمر وكأن شيئًا مقدسًا يجلس معنا

فمع اضافة المزيد من السنوات و التجارب و الذكريات تنتهي علاقتنا بالشخص الذي كنا عليه تدريجيا ليبقى سؤال الهوية أو من أنا معلقا دائما لأجل غير معلوم فنحن الكثير من الأشخاص المختلفة بمرور الزمن

متى كف ذلك الشخص القديم عن الوجود، ومتى ظهر ذلك الشخص الحاضر ؟
اذا فكرت فلا يمكن أن توجد نقطة محددة - لا يمكن أن توجد ثانية واحدة يتوقف فيها ذلك عن الوجود ويبدأ ذاك في الوجود
ما تراه هو عملية تدريجية من نوع ما، حيث يصبح هذا الشخص مختلفًا أكثر فأكثر عن ذلك الذي نعرفه الآن، ويقل تدريجيا التشابه بينهما إنه رحل وهناك شخص آخر تماما قد ظهر إلى الوجود

ان هوية الإنسان ليست كيانا صلبا و إنما هي طيف مرن من الاستمرارية النفسية

أنا مجرد إنسان لكني أفضل أن أكون إنسانا يعرف أنه منافق و يحاول تقليل نفاقه

أنا أقبل ذلك

It is better being a human being dissatisfied, than a happy pig satisfied. Thinking is a pre-requisite for a gratifying life. The unexamined life is not worth living (Socrates). Phylosophical thinking is life enriching; the big confronting questions enlarge our universum.
Philosophy = the residue of unanswerable questions.
Philosophy keeps alive our sense of wonder by showing familiar things in an unfamiliar aspect.

BERTRAND RUSSELL (1872-1970)
British philosopher, humanist & logician

“ The goods of the mind re at least as important as the goods of the body”

“Thinking” supplies us with one of life’s greatest pleasures. I think, therefore I feel good = Cerebral hedonism.
Thinking is a delight in itself !

“He who has the courage to laugh, is master of the world, much like he who is prepared to die.
If all you seek from something is pleasure, you’ll never find it. All you will feel is existential boredom up to disgust. To find & feel real pleasure in any act or activity, you have to oursue some greater purpose !
The pursuut of happiness is a dead end; but if you give up on that pursuit, you find pleasure.

GIACCOMO LEOPARDI (1798-1837), poet & philosopher, pessimist

Nature, with her custom beneficence, has ordained that man shall not learn how to live until the reasons for living are stolen from him, that he shall find no enjoyment until he has become incapable of vivid pleasure.

He sees life as a joke: we’re handed a life full of promise, but all we end up with is desillusion & disappointment.

How to live your life ? Be true to yourswlf !
What is the nature of the true self that the daring man seeks ? If i am diligent, in my depths i will find the madman, the artist, the immoralist etc not all pretty !

To think for yourself, you must question authority & learn how to put tourself in a vulnerable state of openmindedness, confused vulnerability to inform yourself, a state of chaos.

FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE (1844-1900)
PHilosopher & social critic

“the secret of the greatest fruitfulness & the greatest enjoyment of existence is to live dangerously”

His book: Thus Spake Zarathustra

We can all create our lives but nit all chosen meanings of life can be xonsidered equal in value.

“I saw a divine being. I’m afraid I’m going to have to revise all my various books and opinions.”

Core xonxepts:
* existence precedes essence
* core freedom
* total responsibility
* anguish

JEAN-PAUL SARTRE, Existentialist (1905-1980)
“Existence precedes Essence”

First we exist, then we create ourselves.

A20th-century philosophy stating that human beings exist first without a pre-defined purpose, and they must create their own meaning and identity through absolute freedom and personal action.

Q: if there would be no such thing as “free will”, how can we be held accountable then for our deeds ?

Debate “free will” vs “Determinism”

Cutring edge discoveries in brain acience give the upper hand to the Determinists: e.g. brain maps reveal a lot of cause-and-effect actions in our skull, also decision making. What we would call making a “free decision”, is primarily bouncing atoma doing their random thing.

WAT IS PRAGMATISME ?
Legt de focus op het verbinden v praktijk & theorie, die niet los van elkaar staan. Waarheid wordt gedefinieerd adh van praktisch nut en maatschappelijk voordeel. Waarheid is niet iets dat vaststaat, maar iets dat mee-evolueert md inzichten ve samenleving. In het pragmatisme staat de mens als handelend wezen centraal, en staan handelen & denken in dienst vh oplossen v praktische problemen.

WILLIAM JAMES, American (1842-1910), Pragmatist

“My first act of free will, shll be to believe in free will”