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The Germanic Languages (Routledge Language Family Series) by
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Mahira
is on page 141 of 648
=== Old and Middle English ===
Dialectology - WSax, Angl. Radical changes throughout system during O > M, possibly due to ON settlements, leading to reduction of endings. Strong×weak decl'n of nouns, still synth subjunctive. No reflexive.
— Oct 03, 2026 05:52AM
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Dialectology - WSax, Angl. Radical changes throughout system during O > M, possibly due to ON settlements, leading to reduction of endings. Strong×weak decl'n of nouns, still synth subjunctive. No reflexive.
Mahira
is on page 109 of 648
=== Old and Middle Continental West Germanic ===
Four areas: NL, HG, LG, F; wee dialectology. Primarily focuses on O, resp. MNL - loss of distinction in declension of adj, but strong and weak nouns based on ending. No "sich", mostly no simple subjunctive.
Then on "G"-bulk - OHG shift.
Either - phrasal passive, big reduction of endings throughout. NEG development ne > en ... niet > niet.
— Oct 02, 2026 12:03PM
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Four areas: NL, HG, LG, F; wee dialectology. Primarily focuses on O, resp. MNL - loss of distinction in declension of adj, but strong and weak nouns based on ending. No "sich", mostly no simple subjunctive.
Then on "G"-bulk - OHG shift.
Either - phrasal passive, big reduction of endings throughout. NEG development ne > en ... niet > niet.
Mahira
is on page 71 of 648
=== Old and Middle Scandinavian ===
Split W-E in VIIc, ON = OWScan. MN not ling term, period of phon changes, eg. lots of umlaut (not so much in OEScan) but many others incl tonogenesis. As for morph, the stem suffixes are mostly gone but still infl declension. 2 scripts - Futhark, Latin infl. by A-Sax. Very thorough analysis of syntax, some notes on lexis.
Confusing to speak mostly of Ancient N, not ON.
— Oct 02, 2026 07:56AM
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Split W-E in VIIc, ON = OWScan. MN not ling term, period of phon changes, eg. lots of umlaut (not so much in OEScan) but many others incl tonogenesis. As for morph, the stem suffixes are mostly gone but still infl declension. 2 scripts - Futhark, Latin infl. by A-Sax. Very thorough analysis of syntax, some notes on lexis.
Confusing to speak mostly of Ancient N, not ON.
Mahira
is on page 37 of 648
=== Gothic and Reconstruction of Proto-Germanic ===
Gothic Bible precedes other extensive texts by about 3-4c. Preserved aspects of PIE culture better than other Germ Ls. Phonologically conservative (duh), info on alphabet.
General overview of the phonological and grammatical system, syntax, brief note on lexis.
— Sep 28, 2026 09:55AM
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Gothic Bible precedes other extensive texts by about 3-4c. Preserved aspects of PIE culture better than other Germ Ls. Phonologically conservative (duh), info on alphabet.
General overview of the phonological and grammatical system, syntax, brief note on lexis.
Mahira
is on page 18 of 648
=== The Germanic Languages ===
Early 1990s info, roughly 12 modern Ls, natively about 1⁄12 of world's population but a wide geo distribution and (mostly EN) global prestige.
PIEans arrived to SW Baltic ~1kBC, then PG expansion NSea–Wisla, then further. Original Common Germanic recorded only secondhand through classics and loans. Directly by IIIcAD runes, IVc Gothic Bible. Good overview of branches and Ls.
— Sep 28, 2026 04:10AM
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Early 1990s info, roughly 12 modern Ls, natively about 1⁄12 of world's population but a wide geo distribution and (mostly EN) global prestige.
PIEans arrived to SW Baltic ~1kBC, then PG expansion NSea–Wisla, then further. Original Common Germanic recorded only secondhand through classics and loans. Directly by IIIcAD runes, IVc Gothic Bible. Good overview of branches and Ls.
