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Every time we encounter new information, we have a choice. We can attach our opinions to our identities and stand our ground in the stubbornness of preaching and prosecuting. Or we can operate more like scientists, defining ourselves as people committed to the pursuit of truth—even if it means proving our own views wrong. -page 109

Most of us are accustomed to defining ourselves in terms of our beliefs, ideas, and ideolo-gies. This can become a problem when it prevents us from changing our minds as the world changes and knowledge evolves. -page 92

When an idea or assumption doesn't matter deeply to us, were often excited to question it. The natural sequence of emotions is surprise ("Really?") followed by curiosity ("Tell me more!") and thrill ("Whoa!").
To paraphrase a line attributed to Isaac Asimov, great discoveries often begin not with "Eureka!" but with "That's funny..." -page 85

I have a degree from Harvard. Whenever I'm wrong, the world makes a little less sense.
—DR. FRASIER CRANE, PLAYED BY KELSEY GRAMMER

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THE ARMCHAIR QUARTERBACK AND THE IMPOSTOR 61

There's a less obvious force that clouds our vision of our abilities: a deficit in metacognitive skill, the ability to think about our thinking.
Lacking competence can leave us blind to our own incompetence. -page 61

From the Serb:

The Dunning-Kruger effect is a cognitive bias where people with limited knowledge or competence in a specific domain greatly overestimate their own skills.

If knowledge is power, knowing what we don’t know is wisdom. -page 40

One of my beliefs is that we shouldn't be open-minded in every circumstance. There are situations where it might make sense to preach, prosecute, and politick. That said, I think most of us would benefit from being more open more of the time, because it's in scientist mode that we gain mental agility. -page 38

After all, the purpose of learning isn't to affirm our beliefs; it's to evolve our beliefs. -page 38

Confirmation and desirability bias

In psychology there are at least two biases that drive this pattern. One is confirmation bias: seeing what we expect to see. The other is desirability bias: seeing what we want to see. These biases don't just prevent us from applying our intelli-gence. They can actually contort our intelligence into a weapon against the truth. Page 35

The smarter they are, the harder they fall

And recent experiments suggest that the smarter you are, the more you might struggle to update your beliefs. -page 34

Preacher, Prosecutor, politician

The risk is that we become so wrapped up in preaching that we’re right, prosecuting others who are wrong, and politicking for support that we don't bother to rethink our own views. -page 22

Preacher, prosecutor, politician

We go into preacher mode when our sacred beliefs are in jeopardy: we deliver sermons to protect and promote our ideals. -page 22