Paola M’s Reviews > Doctors by Nature: How Ants, Apes, and Other Animals Heal Themselves > Status Update

alkaloids: morphine, cocaine, quinine

salicylic acid: base of aspirin

propolis

bee sons - drones: don't do work and don't sting

pupae, pupate

geophagy: earth eating

Caribbean Primate research center at the University of PR

141 rhesus macaques on PR island Cayo Santiago

Ayurvedic

primary metabolites - carbohydrates, fats and aminoacids

secondary metabolites - terpenes, alkaloids, saponins, quinones, flavonoidss

plants have been attacked by insects for hundreds of millions of years. Yet plants are still here. And that means they must be quite good at protecting themselves.

G. Fraenkel concluded that secondary metabolites are there for one major reason: to protect plants from insects.

medicating vs being manipulated by pathogens / prasites

hairworms in crickets

barber's pole worm in sheep

tears of chios

Kyoto University: birthplace of primatology in Japan

Mahale Mountains National Park in Tanzania

WaTongwe

Gombe National Park

Kibale National Park

zoopharmacognosy

monarchs, cardenolides - milkweeds

A monarch mother medicates offsprings by laying eggs in medicinal tropical milkweed reducing infection of OE parasites

prophylaxis: to eat foods and antiparasitic compounds before they get sick
therapeutic: use of medicinal compounds when already infected
body anointing: to rub antiparasitic substances into their fur
fumigation: to add antiparasitic subs to their living quarters