Truls Ljungström’s Reviews > Cognition: The Thinking Animal > Status Update

heurestiker i problemlösning

Sample illustration of what participants were supposed to image in Kosslyn’s (1975, 1976) experiments. In one case, they imaged a rabbit next to an elephant, and in another they imaged a rabbit next to a fly. Participants were slower to verify that a rabbit has a pink nose in the former than in the latter, presumably because they had to enlarge the image of the rabbit to see its nose.

Hierarkiska nätverk

Hierarkiska nätverk

kategorisering

cued recall

The final two characters are identical in the first line and the second line, but they are interpreted differently because of the surrounding context.

demonstrated that the gravity-based orientation of a diamond or square can be overridden by a purely visual frame of reference, in this case a rectangle. Participants were to report whether they saw a square or diamond (relative to gravity). On some
trials, there was no reference frame except gravity. On other trials, the square or diamond was surrounded by a rectangle that was either upright or tilted at 45 degrees.

Hermann von Helmholtz (1910/1962), one of the first giants of vision research, called this the likelihood principle. (varför en kvadrat, inte en kub)