Truls Ljungström’s Reviews > The Cambridge History of Turkey, Volume 1: Byzantium to Turkey, 1071-1453 > Status Update

The idea of vahdet-i vu ̈cud, often incorrectly confused with pantheism, was in essence a very complicated idea and difficult to explain. It can be summarised roughly as meaning that everything in the universe is a manifestation of God who is the single creator, and since existence is God, all existence is in truth nothing other than his existence.

liknar spinoza.

This process resulted in the emergence of a ‘popular’ Islam which, centred on saint cults and emphasising saintly exploits, legends and beliefs known in medrese circles as superstition (hurafe) or heresy (bid‘at), differed from medrese Islam based on fıkıh (fiqh, Islamic canonical jurisprudence).

istimalet

Vakifer i ottomanernas anatoliska riken.

Sannolikt att beylikerna föll av samma anledning som de tyskromerska klanerna - arvsdelning.

Ungraren Orban kanonsmeden.