Russian Verb Prefixes – Prefix НА
A year ago, I made this video in which I started talking about Russian Verb Prefixes.
A difficult subject, I know.
BUT. There is a but.
Those who master these prefixes will have a powerful advantage in understanding the language and even coming up with a word they didn’t know before!
This is the first video I did on the prefix B.
Here are my notes on the next prefix, НА.
Until I manage to make a video for НА I hope you’ll find these useful!
Direction of the verb on the surface of something
The preposition на can mean “on, on the surface of” and takes Instrument Case. For example,
на столе – on the table (стол – table)
на стене – on the wall (стена – wall)
на диване – on the couch (диван – couch)
In the same way, на can be used as a prefix to denote an on(to) direction.
наезжать (impf) – наехать (pf) – run over, coerce, blame
Машина наехала на столб. – The car ran over a pole.
In life anything can happen, we are exposed to hazardous events. You walk and you may get run over by a car.
Конечно, на тебя могут наехать, но если так думать, и кирпич на голову, как говорится, может упасть. – Surely, you may get run over, but if you think like that, even a brick might fall onto your head.
The verb наехать is mostly used with the meaning
обидеть – to hurt, upset
обвинять – to blame
На нас наехали бандиты. – This means that bandits used threats, blackmail, physical power to force us to act in a certain way, for example, give money to them etc.
На меня наехали какие-то бандиты, требуют денег. – These guys got
наплывать – наплыть – to flow over sth
на глаза наплывают слезы – tears flow on the eyes
Наплыли чёрные тучи – black clouds appeared in the sky
наплывают воспоминания из прошлого – memories get washed-up from the past
You can visualise the memories as waves that come to you one after the other.
Attention!!! Don’t confuse this verb with наплевать which means “screw this, f%£$ that!”. Наплевать на работу! – F@£$ work!
налетать (impf) – налететь (pf) – fly on(to)
Птица налетела на самолёт. – The bird flew onto the plane (hit the plane).
Налетела грусть. – Sorrow, melancholy hit us.
Listen to this wonderful song by the famous bard Aleksandr Rosenbaum (Песня by Розенбаум)
Набрести (pf) – to come across, to hit upon an idea
Брести – to walk slowly with difficulty, trudge, stroll, plod (impf)
So, while you walk you stumble upon something, you come across sth, you hit upon something
Я набреду, ты набредешь, они набредут
натыкаться (impf) – наткнуться (pf) – to bump into , hit
наткнусь – наткнёшься – наткнутся
Наткнуться на знакомых в театре. – I bumped into friends in the theatre.
Наткнуться на старые фотографии. – to come across old photos
Наткнуться на столб – run into/hit a pole
наталкиваться (impf) – натолкнуться (pf) – to come across, to hit
натолкнуться на доказательство, на решение задачи – to come across evidence, solution to a problem
Note: натолкнуться differs from наткнуться in the sense that once you hit an obstacle you can’t go further, you’re stuck.
наступать (impf) – наступить (pf) – to step on, start
наступить на ногу – step on one’s foot
Наступили мне не ногу и теперь не могу ходить – they stepped on my foot and I can’t walk now
Наступила зима – the winter came
Скоро зима наступает. – The winter is upon us!
Наступила тишина – ночь – Night/silence fell
Наливать (impf) – налить (pf) – to pour on, pour
Наливай мне сока, пожалуйста. Очень хочется пить. – Pour me some juice, please. I’m very thirsty.
You say to your friend after having already 3-4 rounds.
Тебе больше не буду наливать! Все! – You’re cut off. That’s it! No more drinking!!!!