Russian Verb Prefixes – Prefix ÐÐ
A year ago, I made this video in which I started talking about Russian Verb Prefixes.
A difficult subject, I know.
BUT. There is a but.
Those who master these prefixes will have a powerful advantage in understanding the language and even coming up with a word they didn’t know before!
This is the first video I did on the prefix B.
Here are my notes on the next prefix, ÐÐ.
Until I manage to make a video for ÐÐ I hope you’ll find these useful!
Direction of the verb on the surface of something
The preposition на can mean “on, on the surface of” and takes Instrument Case. For example,
на ÑÑоле – on the table (ÑÑол – table)
на ÑÑене – on the wall (ÑÑена – wall)
на диване – on the couch (диван – couch)
In the same way, на can be used as a prefix to denote an on(to) direction.
наезжаÑÑ (impf) – Ð½Ð°ÐµÑ Ð°ÑÑ (pf) – run over, coerce, blame
ÐаÑина Ð½Ð°ÐµÑ Ð°Ð»Ð° на ÑÑолб. – The car ran over a pole.
In life anything can happen, we are exposed to hazardous events. You walk and you may get run over by a car.
ÐонеÑно, на ÑÐµÐ±Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÐµÑ Ð°ÑÑ, но еÑли Ñак дÑмаÑÑ, и киÑÐ¿Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° головÑ, как говоÑиÑÑÑ, Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ ÑпаÑÑÑ. – Surely, you may get run over, but if you think like that, even a brick might fall onto your head.Â
The verb Ð½Ð°ÐµÑ Ð°ÑÑ is mostly used with the meaning
обидеÑÑ – to hurt, upset
обвинÑÑÑ – to blame
Ðа наÑÂ Ð½Ð°ÐµÑ Ð°Ð»Ð¸ бандиÑÑ. – This means that bandits used threats, blackmail, physical power to force us to act in a certain way, for example, give money to them etc.
Ðа Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ð°ÐµÑ Ð°Ð»Ð¸ какие-Ñо бандиÑÑ, ÑÑебÑÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ³. – These guys got
наплÑваÑÑ – наплÑÑÑ – to flow over sthÂ
на глаза наплÑваÑÑ ÑÐ»ÐµÐ·Ñ – tears flow on the eyes
ÐаплÑли ÑÑÑнÑе ÑÑÑи – black clouds appeared in the sky
наплÑваÑÑ Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð· пÑоÑлого – memories get washed-up from the past
You can visualise the memories as waves that come to you one after the other.
Attention!!! Don’t confuse this verb with наплеваÑÑ which means “screw this, f%£$ that!”. ÐаплеваÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑабоÑÑ! – F@£$ work!
налеÑаÑÑ (impf) – налеÑеÑÑ (pf) – fly on(to)
ÐÑиÑа налеÑела на ÑамолÑÑ. – The bird flew onto the plane (hit the plane).
ÐалеÑела гÑÑÑÑÑ. – Sorrow, melancholy hit us.
Listen to this wonderful song by the famous bard Aleksandr Rosenbaum (ÐеÑÐ½Ñ by РозенбаÑм)
ÐабÑеÑÑи (pf) – to come across, to hit upon an idea
ÐÑеÑÑи – to walk slowly with difficulty, trudge, stroll, plod (impf)
So, while you walk you stumble upon something, you come across sth, you hit upon something
Я набÑедÑ, ÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð±ÑедеÑÑ, они набÑедÑÑ
наÑÑкаÑÑÑÑ (impf) – наÑкнÑÑÑÑÑ (pf) – to bump into , hitÂ
наÑкнÑÑÑ – наÑкнÑÑÑÑÑ – наÑкнÑÑÑÑ
ÐаÑкнÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° знакомÑÑ Ð² ÑеаÑÑе. – I bumped into friends in the theatre.
ÐаÑкнÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑаÑÑе ÑоÑогÑаÑии. – to come across old photos
ÐаÑкнÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑолб – run into/hit a pole
наÑалкиваÑÑÑÑ (impf) – наÑолкнÑÑÑÑÑ (pf) – to come across, to hit
наÑолкнÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° доказаÑелÑÑÑво, на ÑеÑение задаÑи – to come across evidence, solution to a problem
Note: наÑолкнÑÑÑÑÑ differs from наÑкнÑÑÑÑÑ in the sense that once you hit an obstacle you can’t go further, you’re stuck.
наÑÑÑпаÑÑ (impf) – наÑÑÑпиÑÑ (pf) – to step on, startÂ
наÑÑÑпиÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ñ – step on one’s foot
ÐаÑÑÑпили мне не Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð¸ ÑепеÑÑ Ð½Ðµ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸ÑÑ – they stepped on my foot and I can’t walk now
ÐаÑÑÑпила зима – the winter came
СкоÑо зима наÑÑÑпаеÑ. – The winter is upon us!
ÐаÑÑÑпила ÑиÑина – ноÑÑ – Night/silence fell
ÐаливаÑÑ (impf) – налиÑÑ (pf) – to pour on, pourÂ
Ðаливай мне Ñока, пожалÑйÑÑа. ÐÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ñ Ð¾ÑеÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑ. – Pour me some juice, please. I’m very thirsty.
You say to your friend after having already 3-4 rounds.
Тебе болÑÑе не бÑÐ´Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÑÑ! ÐÑе! – You’re cut off. That’s it! No more drinking!!!!
ÐаÑиÑаÑÑ (impf) – наÑеÑеÑÑ (pf) – to rub onÂ
You remember we saw the pair вÑиÑаÑÑ – вÑеÑеÑÑ – to rub in the first video.
Here we have a similar pair which means to run on a surface.
Again just like вÑеÑеÑÑ is conjugated like this
ÐоÑÑУ, воÑÑÐÑÑ – we have  наÑÑУ, наÑÑÐÑÑ
We also have a similar verb like ÐаÑиÑаÑÑ (impf) – наÑеÑеÑÑ (pf) – to rub on
ÐамазÑваÑÑ (impf) – намазаÑÑ (pf) – to rub onÂ
намазаÑÑ Ð»Ð¸Ñо кÑемом – to put some cream on your face
Gradual completeness of an action
All the following verbs in this section will require the Genitive Case. Let’s look at the first one.
накапливаÑÑ (impf)  – накопиÑÑ (pf) – accumulate, build up, save up
надо накопиÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ³ на колледж – you have to save up money for the college
нажаÑиваÑÑ (impf) – нажаÑиÑÑ (pf) – to fryÂ
нажаÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¸Ñожков – step by step, one by one fry piroshky
наÑÑваÑÑ (impf) – наÑваÑÑ (pf) – to pick Â
наÑваÑÑ ÑвеÑÑ Ð¸ ÑделаÑÑ Ð±ÑÐºÐµÑ – pick the flowers one by one and finally make a bouquet
наÑезÐÑÑ (impf – наÑезÐÑ) – наÑÐзаÑÑ (pf – наÑÐжÑ) – to sliceÂ
наÑезаÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð±Ð°ÑÑ, Ñ Ð»ÐµÐ±Ð° – slice sausage, bread
Pay attention to the stress, imperfective – perfective
Overdo Verbs – Excess of an Action
наговаÑиваÑÑ (impf) – наговоÑиÑÑ (pf) – to slander, say something bad, damage someone’s reputationÂ
Я ÑлÑÑал, ÑÑо Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ñй диÑекÑоÑ оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¶ÐµÑÑокий Ñеловек, но, по-моемÑ, на него наговаÑиваÑÑ. –  I heard that our new director is a very cruel person, but in my opinion, they are slandering him.
There is a also a usual expression, наговоÑиÑÑ Ð»Ð¸Ñнего – to say something bad
Ðойди и извиниÑÑ – Ñкажи ÑÑо ÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñил лиÑнего и Ñебе ÑÑÑдно. –  Go and apologise, that you said something bad and you are ashamed.
наговоÑиÑÑÑÑ (pf) – to talk a lot with somebodyÂ
У Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð±ÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ вÑемени наговоÑиÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ доÑоге домой. – We’ll have lots of time to catch up/to talk on the way home.
ÐоÑле года, ÑÑо они не виделиÑÑ, не могÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑÑÑÑ. – After one year without seeing each other, they can’t now get enough of talking to each other/catching up.
напÑваÑÑÑÑ (impf) – напÑÑÑÑÑ (pf) – to overdrink
Я напилÑÑ – I drank very much. (You show a bottle of wine or something )
наедаÑÑÑÑ (impf) – наеÑÑÑÑÑ (pf) – to overeat, eat till full
Я наелÑÑ – I ate very much. YOu show something, your belly. That’s a very common verb. I use it a lot because I eat a lot!!!
There is also another one which shows that you ate so much that it feels you’re gonna die.
Я обÑелÑÑ!
ÐадÑÑаÑÑÑÑ – to breathe in, take loads of fresh air!!!Â
ÐадÑÑаÑÑÑÑ Ñвежим воздÑÑ Ð¾Ð¼ – to get plenty of fresh air
ÐеÑед ÑмеÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ надÑÑиÑÑÑÑ –  it’s late now, you can’t do much now. If you want to achieve something, you have to plan and take certain action well in advance. For example, you need to study early for an exam.
наеÑÑÑÑÑ – напиÑÑÑÑ – надÑÑаÑÑÑÑ all take Instrumental Case! Have a look at the example above. Свежий воздÑÑ becomes ÑвежÐРвоздÑÑ ÐÐ
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