In the last few years, I’ve taken buses, subways, and trams in Ottawa, Vancouver, London, Brighton, Cardiff, Swansea, Nottingham, and other cities in Canada, England, and Wales. Here’s how I paid the fare:

Swiped debit or credit card at gate or on boarding.For transfers, swiped card again. System tracked transfer period and applied daily or weekly maximums and zone fees.

And then there’s my home town of Halifax. You can use exact change or purchase paper tickets, or:

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