Kes

“When he accompanied me and others to conferences, he would never show up at breakfast or even at the opening talks of a conference. We asked him why not. He explained that he used his mornings to write papers. He also added that he never wasted his time by reading newspapers or listening to news. Why? He told us, “If anything important is happening, my friends will tell me.” His work that has had the most impact on designers is the book The Sciences of the Artificial.”
― Donald A Norman, Design for a Better World: Meaningful, Sustainable, Humanity Centered

“One philosopher, Karl Popper, contended that the limitations of the inferential, experimental method, which characterized science since Bacon, could not establish the truth of a proposition; it could only eliminate the alternative explanations that were tested.13 Thus, “truth” was tentative, waiting to be modified or even upended by the next set of experiments. The other, Thomas Kuhn, contended that, in fact, scientists were not objective seekers of truth, but rather, engaged in confirming the current “truth,” what Kuhn called the prevailing “paradigm” in the discipline. In the practice of what Kuhn called “normal science,” scientists were merely elaborating on this paradigm or using it to explain away any anomalies in their findings. It was only when anomalies accumulate to the point of crisis, when the current paradigm can no longer hold up, that the science opens to new, revolutionary ways of thinking that replace the old.”
― Robert Kozma, Make the World a Better Place: Design with Passion, Purpose, and Values

“For Simon, “Everyone designs who changes existing situations into preferred ones” (p. 129).”
― Robert Kozma, Make the World a Better Place: Design with Passion, Purpose, and Values

“As mentioned, this conceptual knowledge, generated through the Scientific Tradition, has come to be used in the creation of designs in practical fields, such as mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, medicine, clinical psychology, social work, and education. It is easiest to measure the impact of scientific research on the economy. A study looked at the impact of research on economic growth in 65 countries over the period 1980–2016.19 They found that the amount of research output in a country increased economic growth, primarily through structural changes favoring the industrial sector. They found that academic knowledge was applied in a broad set of industries and that social and physical sciences impact economic growth the most. The impact of the research output of clinical and health sciences, and arts and humanities was characterized by low levels of applications, although they also led to positive economic growth.”
― Robert Kozma, Make the World a Better Place: Design with Passion, Purpose, and Values