“Duty largely consists of pretending that the trivial is critical, and I was never accomplished at that. ‘I”
― The Magus
― The Magus
“These georgoi in turn shaped the ideals, institutions, and culture that gave rise to the polis. Unlike any prior civilization, the culture of the Greek polis combined citizen militias with the rule of law. That involved having a broad middle class of independent small landowners that met in assemblies where the votes of these nonelite determined laws, and foreign and domestic policy. These smallholders gained in status as population growth in the ninth and eighth centuries forced an agricultural revolution. Labor-intensive farming of marginal lands came to replace the Dark Age pastoral economy. This required a growth in private landownership, which motivated georgoi to assume the risks involved in cultivating land that was unproductive using traditional farming techniques. These farmers created the ritual of hoplite warfare to decide disputes in a manner that did not contradict their agrarian agenda. The georgoi and their agrarian ideology became the driving force behind the hoplite revolution during the early seventh century.”
― Men of Bronze: Hoplite Warfare in Ancient Greece
― Men of Bronze: Hoplite Warfare in Ancient Greece
“The hoplites drove the tyrants from power and created broad oligarchies in their place.”
― Men of Bronze: Hoplite Warfare in Ancient Greece
― Men of Bronze: Hoplite Warfare in Ancient Greece
“This marks an important shift in the function of the north slope, no longer just a source of secure and plentiful water but a place of shrines, worship, and visitation. In a very real sense, this evolution into a place of commemoration and devotion marks the expansion of the sacred space of the Acropolis down its slopes and the opening up of the Sacred Rock to the larger community. This”
― The Parthenon Enigma
― The Parthenon Enigma
Russell’s 2025 Year in Books
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