Daniel

“Virtually all of the discussions on the consequences of global change for human well-being focus on the material and physical aspects of such change – provision of food and water, security of infrastructure, impacts on the economy, and so on. Virtually no analyses consider the psychological impacts or consequences of global change on individual humans and on their societies. Many in the scientific community may consider these aspects to be irrational and inconsequential. Yet, in the final analysis, it will be the human perceptions of global change and the risks associated with it that will determine societal responses. At the heart of these perceptions is the fundamental place of humanity in the natural world.”
― Will Steffen, Global Change and the Earth System: A Planet Under Pressure: Executive Summary

“In some cases, those who express extreme views start believing the things they share even if their initial goal was only to increase their standing within a group. And then there are cases where the theories being shared are so outlandish or unlikely that we have to wonder: Do they really believe these things? If we were to sit the person down for a polygraph test and quiz them about whether they truly think the earth is flat, the grieving parents who lost their children to gun violence are just actors, or Hillary Clinton is a pedophile, what would we find? Would they (or the lie detector machine) reveal that perhaps their beliefs are not quite so literal? If so, why are they spreading such lies? Understanding the mechanics of social groups—especially those connected by shared beliefs, such as religious groups, sects, and cults—can help shed light on this question. As Jonathan Haidt suggested, the deliberate sharing of a lie can act as a shibboleth—a kind of linguistic password that identifies people within a group. “Many who study religion have noted that it’s the very impossibility of a claim that makes it a good signal of one’s commitment to the faith,” he wrote. “You don’t need faith to believe obvious things. Proclaiming that the election was stolen surely does play an identity-advertising role in today’s America.”
― Dan Ariely, Misbelief: What Makes Rational People Believe Irrational Things

“ALL PROPERTY IS THEFT. SO ALL THEFT IS PROPERTY.
THEREFORE THESE PEARLS ARE MINE.

This is clearly rubbish because there is nothing to link the truth of the conclusion to the truth of the supporting claims. What we need is to ensure that the truth of the supporting claims is preserved by the argument. Logic is quite simply the study of truth-preserving arguments.”
― Dan Cryan, Introducing Logic: A Graphic Guide

“In the words of Darwin himself, On the Origin of Species is "one long argument" designed to convince readers that evolutionary changes had occurred on a massive scale and that natural selection was a formidable agent of those changes. Most biologists were quickly convinced, especially with respect to the argument that modern species are modified descendants of extinct ancestral species.

Moreover, the tests of evolutionary theory did not end in 1859. Instantly recognized as one of the most important scientific ideas of all time, the theory has been subjected to at least as much scrutiny as any other major idea in science or the humanities. Had anyone been capable of overthrowing the theory of evolution by natural selection, he or she would have become as famous as Darwin. Although Darwin's theory has not been dismantled, a considerable number of persons have refined the theory in important ways, especially by taking advantage of our improved knowledge of heredity and what this means for evolutionary processes, a subject that was essentially a mystery in the mid-nineteenth century.”
― John Alcock, The Triumph of Sociobiology