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“Activation of the androgen receptor (AR) is crucial for tumor cell progression and survival of prostate cancer, and androgen deprivation therapy remains the main clinical approach in men with locally advanced tumors ■ Current therapies incompletely suppress the androgen–AR axis, but a multiple therapeutic approach, targeting androgens and their receptor, has potential to improve clinical outcomes ■ Treatment of prostate cancer cells with 5α-reductase inhibitors (5ARIs) inhibits cellular pathways regulating metabolism, cell growth and proliferation, triggering apoptosis and decreasing prostate size ■ Although 5ARI treatment reduces the risk of developing prostate cancer, patients treated with these drugs have tumors with higher Gleason scores than those who receive placebo ■ Use of 5ARIs to prevent and treat prostate cancer remains controversial, and further investigation is necessary to understand the presence of more-aggressive tumors in patients receiving these drugs”
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“incidence. Exposure to natural or manmade radioisotopes also occurs during cancer radiotherapy, whereas the radioactive compounds iodine-131 and technetium-99m are exploited to diagnose and treat benign and malignant thyroid diseases”
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“There is evidence that ageing is in part caused by accumulated DNA damage 76 .First, various endogenously arising DNA lesions accumulate with age in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of healthy mammals, including humans 42,76,77 . This may reflect not only ongoing DNA-damage induction but also declining DNA-repair capacity over time 68,73 .Second, patients with inherited DDR defects often display features of premature ageing (Supplementary Table 1).Third, work in various organisms has implicated growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 signalling in regulating longevity, and notably, such signalling is downregulated in response to DNA damage”
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Frank’s 2024 Year in Books
Take a look at Frank’s Year in Books, including some fun facts about their reading.
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