Status Updates From Colonialism and Revolution ...

- Ismail Pasha (1863-79) studied in Paris
- Ismail begins heavy industrialisation in pursuit of "civilisation and progress"
- Ismail Pasha and family own a fifth of all Arable land through land grabs
- To respond to debt crisis from 1870 Ismail imposes harsh taxes on populace
- Egypt overall economically improved under his reign however this disproportionately benefited nobles and foreign merchants and financiers

- Muhammadi governors begin secularising and incorporating Western Legal Codes into Egypt and abolish Waqfs under clear Western influence
- Sai'd Pasha prevents Religious people from joining military (not sure about accuracy of this tbh)
- Pashas foster a Secular Bureaucracy that functions independent of Ulema.
- People and Ulema largely remain loyal to Sultan as the Caliph of Muslims.

- 1830s Muhammad Ali Pasha attempts to rebel against Sultan but is defeated and Egypt is reincorporated into Ottoman lands
- Great Britian becomes Egypt no 1 trading partner so Egypt joins European modern economy
- dynasty of governors from Muhammad Ali Pasha's family emerges
- Egypt still pays tribute to Ottoman and supplies troops for Ottoman wars in 1860s

Leading up to Urabi revolt, not entirely sure of the accuracy of bits
- Return of Mamluk Slave-soldier caste as martial elite between 1700-1760
- Cease Tributes to Ottomans after 1760
- Napolean invades Egypt in 1798
- Ottoman and British jointly dislodge French troops and Egypt returns to Ottoman rule
- Albanian officer Muhammad Ali rises as leader and becomes governor of Egypt but it remains tied to Ottomans

- Ismail Pasha (1863-79) studied in Paris
- Ismail begins heavy industrialisation in pursuit of "civilisation and progress"
- Ismail Pasha and family own a fifth of all Arable land through land grabs
- To respond to debt crisis from 70s Ismail imposes harsh taxes on populace
- Egypt overall economically improved under his reign however this disproportionately benefited nobles and foreign merchants and financiers

- Muhammadi governors begin secularising and incorporating Western Legal Codes into Egypt and abolish Waqfs under clear Western influence
- Sai'd Pasha prevents Religious people from joining military (not sure how accurate this is but possible)
- Pashas foster a Secular Bureaucracy that functions independent of Ulema.
- People and Ulema largely remain loyal to Sultan as Caliph of Muslims.

- 1830s Muhammad Ali Pasha attempts to rebel against Sultan but is defeated and Egypt is reincorporated into Ottoman lands
- Great Britian becomes Egypt no 1 trading partner so Egypt joins European modern economy
- dynasty of governors from Muhammad Ali Pasha's family emerges
- Egypt still pays tribute to Ottoman and supplies troops for Ottoman wars in 1860s

leading up to Urabi revolt, not certain of accuracy of some of this tho
- Return of Mamluk Slave-soldier caste as martial elite between 1700-1760
- Cease Tributes to Ottomans after 1760
- Napolean invades Egypt in 1798
- Ottoman and British jointly dislodge French troops and Egypt returns to Ottoman rule
- Albanian officer Muhammad Ali rises as leader and becomes governor of Egypt but remains tied to Ottomans

only 30 pages in and now I regret reading this because apparently Ottomans (who of course were the successors of the Mongol Incursions) were a Secular Sultanate and ruled by an amalgamation of Turkic and Mongol Tribal Customs and the Ulema praise of them was just their acceptance of Secular rule over Islamic rule and it wasn't until the 19th century that they made sporadic claims as Caliphs. Yeah...