Status Updates From فلسفه‌های بزرگ

"دنی دیدرو، تنها مبتکر و سازنده آنسیکلوپدی (دائرةالمعارف) نیست، وی شخصی است که در همه میدان های فکری نظریات فلسفی تازه دارد." ص۷۶
چون ردپایِ دیدرویِ محبوبم رو در این کتاب هم یافتم گفتم یادی ازش باقی بذارم وگرنه نکته قابل تأمل و شگفت انگیزی نبود.
=)

آرام در سال ۱۳۲۷ برای "Discourse on the Method" رو به "گفتار درباره روش" برگردونده در حالیکه پیشتر در سال ۱۳۱۰ فروغی در سیر حکمت اینو به کار برده:"گفتار در روش..".
مساله ام ملانُقَطی-بازی واژگانی نیست بلکه این عدمِ پیگیری تِرم های فلسفیِ از پیش موجود توسط مترجمانمون رو میشه از دلایل عدم برخوردِ جدیِ روشنفکرانِ ما با فلسفه مدرن از همون آغاز دونست. گرچه زبان فقیر بوده ولی نمیشه عدم ایجاد پیوندِ مفهومی رو کتمان کرد.

"...او را باید خالق حقیقی همه فلسفه هایی که امروز در دست است، دانست. سقراط فیلسوف رنگ پریده ای نیست. پدرش سنگتراش بود..."ص۱۹
"سقراط فیلسوف رنگ پریده ای نیست" یعنی چی؟ کانتکسم آوردم که داوریِ نا به جا انجام نگیره. دسترسی به متنِ اصلی ندارم و احمد آرامِ مترجم به کنار، این کتاب چاپِ اولش برمیگرده به سال ۱۳۲۷ و من چاپ چهارمش مربوط به سال ۱۳۹۷ رو دارم. واقعا درود بر روان نشر علمی و فرهنگی با این دقتش بر آثار منتشره اش.

"مهاجرت ها و برخورد های قهری جماعات مختلف، اهالی یونان را مجبور می‌ساخت که در معتقدات خود دائم تجدید نظر کنند و به این ترتیب اساطیر و افسانه ها کم کم تسلطی را که بر جریان عمومی زندگی داشتند از دست دادند." ص۹
تو کتاب یونانیان هامفری کیوتو هم به شکلی این نکته تکرار شده بود، پرسش؛ مگه مثلا در بین النهرین و... این مهاجرت و برخورد های قهری میان جماعات مختلف نبوده؟ پس چرا اساطیر و افسانه ها تسلط خودشون رو از دست ندادند؟

This philosophy might elicit the birth of a kind of “art” of spiritual regeneration


Therefore it would allow coming into light new internal riches, by compensating the effects of mechanization…

Note



Emmanuel Mounier “What is personalism?” born in the world 1929 crisis; personalism developed after 1932 around the magazine “Esprit”

Personalists believe it is possible in our century to “operate Europe without disfiguring it” as Mounier says

😎

A less aggressive, less popular and less ambitious form of this renewal (…) is the personalist movement (…) desire to understand and overcome the moral and political decadence of the 20th century

A less aggressive, less popular and less ambitious form of this renewal (…) is the personalist movement (…) desire to understand and overcome the moral and political decadence of the 20th century

The fashion in our days of these doctrines, which greatly divulged the idea of the “nothingness” we are, the “absurd world” and the despair of existence…

The existentialist current which goes from Heidegger to J.P. Sartre is self-declared atheist existentialism and, on it, are conjugated the tendencies of Hegel and Nietzsche with the Kierkegaard tendency.

To the Danish thinker, like in Pascal, the “anguished meditation” on the existence is a profound way of living the Christian faith; and the French existentialism, whose most notable representative is Gabriel Marcel, does in fact integrate itself in this kind of religious experience.

This reivindication of characters of human existence still singular and irreductible was the essential point of opposition of Kierkgaard to the intellectual absolutism of the Hegel’s system

Marx converts the Hegelian rhythm in dialectic instrument of revolutionary action.

Contemporary Movements

To this emptiness of philosophical consciousness, new doctrines of extraordinary expansion oppose in our days…[like] dialectic materialism (..) To act, it demands, therefore, to negate and to overcome Hegel’s thought.

the alienation of human values in the capitalist regime means not only the worker’s degradation …but even the capitalists themselves and the whole society.

…K. Marx and F. Engels…assuming before anything else…never to separate speculation (…) from its practical finalities. This preliminary caution or “previous precaution” against spirituality fictions, is intimately related to the way in which K. Marx, by interpreting and overcoming Hegel and his disciple Feuerbach, dealt with the forms of servitude in the industrialized society…

Philosophy Probabilities

Western thought evolution has taught us that its crisis are fecund.

Object is what remains numerically identical through multiple appearances in consciousness.

Neo realism, on the contrary, posits that all relations are external and knowledge itself is a relation of that kind. In Germany the phenomenological “realism” represented by Husserl deepened the opposition between what’s strictly psychological and what’s strictly logical in our thought, and therefore he was led to the generalization of the notion of object.

In France the union of Criticism with Idealism was tried by Hamelin, in the path of Renouvier and Hegel and by Brunchvicg, more connected to the theories of Lagneau and Spinoza. Hegel was also the inspiration for the Italian idealism, with Croce and Gentile [check on collaboration with Mussolini, and the inevitability of Facism] as well as the anglo-saxon idealist doctrines.

In France the union of Criticism with Idealism was tried by Hamelin, in the path of Renouvier and Hegel and by Brunchvicg, more connected to the theories of Lagneau and Spinoza. Hegel was also the inspiration for the Italian idealism, with Croce and Gentile [check on collaboration with Mussolini, and the inevitability of Facism] as well as the anglo-saxon idealist doctrines.

“C'est de la mort que je veux m'entretenir, sujet profond, instructif, que nous rendons triste par la manière dont l'envisageons, et qui ne devrait être que consolant, si nous savions apprécier la vie... Nous ne songeons presque jamais à la mort."
Maine de Biran

What fools us is the spatial metaphors; the great illusion all great philosophical systems are victims of is due to the fact that they TAKE AS REALITY A RECONSTRUCTION. …even our self-analysis…he [Bergson] just doesn’t point the illusions of Philosophy, he tells us the way to break free from them

Values of our time

The work of Henri Bergson presents new solutions which deeply transform the conditions of the philosophical thought. By following the route of the French spiritualists, especially Maine de Biran, whose orientation had ben continued by Ravaissson, Lachelier and Emile Boutroum. Bergson reconstitutes the description of the internal experience.

The last thought of Nietzsche was the appeal to the overman

The highest value is the dangerous acceptance, the affirmation of life with all its risks even its eternal limitation, the eternal return…